Tsallis holographic dark energy under Complex form of Quintessence model

In this paper, we use a Tsallis holographic dark energy model in two forms, interacting and non-interacting cases, to acquire some parameters as the equation of state for the energy density of the Tsallis model in the FRW universe concerning the complex form of quintessence model. We will study the cosmology of complex quintessence by revamping the potential and investigating the scalar field dynamics. Then we analyze ($\omega-\omega'$) and stability in two cases, i.e., non-interacting and interacting. We will explore whether these cases describe a real universe by calculating fractional energy density $\Omega_{D}$ and concerning two parts of the quintessence field effect ( complex and real part ) by considering the real part of this field to be a slow-roll field. We know that the part in which the fractional energy density ($\Omega_{D} > 1$) does not describe a real universe. Also, we specified an interacting coupling parameter $b^{2}$ that depends on the constant parameter of the Tsallis holographic model ($\delta$) with respect to fractional energy density ($0.73$). Unlike independence between the fractional energy density and interacting coupling in the real quintessence model, we determine a relationship among these parameters in this theory. Finally, by plotting some figures, we specify the features of ($\omega-\omega'$) and ($\nu_{s}^{2}$) in two cases and compare the result with each other.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Communications in Theoretical Physic

Increasing Light Absorption and Collection Using Engineered Structures

In recent years we have witnessed an explosion of interest in two dimensional (2D) materials, due to their unique physical properties. Excitement surrounds the promise of replacing conventional bulk photodetectors with devices based on 2D materials, allowing better integration, flexibility and potentially improving performance. However, the low inherent light absorption of 2D materials is an outstanding issue to be solved. In this chapter we review two independent approaches to tackling this problem, which have the potential to be combined to find a robust solution. The first approach involves patterning the substrate with a rod-type photonic crystal (PhC) cavity structure, which is shown to increase the light absorption into a 2D material flake coupled spatially to the cavity mode. Secondly, we review 2D–compatible solid immersion lenses (SILs) and their ability to increase both the optical magnification of the structures they encapsulate, and the longevity of the material. SILs have been shown to reduce the requirements for complex optics in the implementation of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, and also in preserving the photodetector’s optical performance over long periods of time. Finally, we show how by combining rod-type PhC cavities with SILs, we can improve the performance of 2D material-based photodetectors

Further Refining Swampland dS Conjecture in Mimetic f(G) Gravity

Mimetic gravity analysis has been studied as a theory in various types of general relativity extensions, such as mimetic f(R) gravity, mimetic f(R, T) gravity, mimetic f(R, G) gravity, etc., in the literature. This paper presents a set of equations arising from mimetic conditions and studies cosmic inflation with a combination of mimetic f(G) gravity and swampland dS conjectures. We analyze and evaluate these results. Therefore, we first thoroughly introduce the mimetic f(G) gravity and calculate some cosmological parameters such as the scalar spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and the slow-roll parameters. Also, we investigate the potential according to the mimetic f(G) gravity. Then we will challenge the swampland dS conjectures with this condition. By expressing the coefficient of swampland dS conjectures viz $C_{1}$ and $C_2$ in terms of $n_{s}$ and $r$, we plot some figures and determine the allowable range for each of these cosmological parameters and these coefficients, and finally, compare these results with observable data such as Planck and BICEP2/Keck array data. We show $C_{1}$ and $C_2$ are not $\mathcal{O}(1)$, so the refining swampland dS conjecture is not satisfied for this inflationary model. Then we examine it with further refining swampland dS conjecture, which has a series of free parameters such as $a,b>0$, $q>2$, and $a+b=1$. By adjusting these parameters, the compatibility of the mentioned conjecture with the inflationary model can be discussed. We determine the further refining swampland dS conjecture is satisfied. when $a < \frac{1}{1.00489}=0.99513$, we can always find $a$, $b$ and $q$ whose value is larger than 2, viz for $q=2.4$, we find $0.99185\leq a < 1$, which we can choose $a=0.99235$ according to the condition $a < 0.99513$. Also we know $b=1-a$, so we will have $1-0.99235=0.00765 > 0$.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof Farhad Darabi

Hypothyroidism and AMH in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

       اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتحري في وضائف الغدة الدرقية و هرمون المضاد لمولر من خلال تقييم مستوياتهم في مرضى الفشل الكلى المزمنة. تمت الدراسة على 50 مريض تم تشخيص اصابتهم  بمرض الفشل الكلوي المزمن المرحلة الخامسة اعمارهم بين 20 الى 50 عام (25 ذكور و 25 اناث) و 20 شخص كمجموعة سيطرة تراوحت اعمارهم بين 20-48 عام (10 ذكور و 10 اناث) ، الذين حظروا الى مركز أمراض الكلى وزراعة الأعضاء في مدينة الطب ببغداد في العراق من أبريل 2018 إلى يوليو 2018. اظهرت الدراسة الحالية وجود زيادة غيرمعنوية  في مستويات هرمون الانتي ميوليرين في المرضى مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينما لوحظ زيادة معنوية عالية في مستويات الهرمون المحفز للغدة الدرقية مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينما وجد انخفاض معنوي عالي في  مستويات هرمون ثالث يود الثيرونين وهرمون الثيروكسين في مرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة.This study was conducted to investigate thyroid function and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in (Chronic kidney disease) CKD patients by evaluating their levels in CKD patients, 50 patients were diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) who attended the Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq, they were recruited from April 2018 to July 2018 and were enrolled into the study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). The study showed non-significant (p&gt;0.05) increase in AMH level in CKD patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, TSH was recorded a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) increase in CKD patients in comparison with control. While T3 and T4 levels recorded highly significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease in CKD patients in comparison with control.

In Silico Domain Structural Model Analysis of Coronavirus ORF1ab Polyprotein

The world today is battling with a coronavirus infection that is considered a global pandemic. Coronavirus infection is mainly attribute to the varying technique of the replication and release of different genomic components of the virus. The present study aims to establish the physical and chemical features, as well as the basic structural and functional properties of Coronavirus ORF1ab domain. A molecular approach was adopt in this study using the Swiss Model and Phyre2 server whereas the prediction of the active ligand binding sites was done using Phyre2. The analysis of the structure of the protein showed that it has good structural and heat stability, as well as better hydrophilic features and acidic in nature. Based on the Homology modeling, only two binding active sites were noted with catalytic function being mediated by Zn2+ as the metallic heterogeneous ligand for binding sites prediction. The proteins mostly exhibited helical secondary configurations. This study can help in predicting and understanding the role of this domain protein in active coronavirus infection

Weak Gravity Conjecture, Black Branes and Violations of Universal Thermodynamic Relation

The universal thermodynamic relations between corrections to entropy and extremality for various black holes solutions have been studied. In this regard, we hereby consider a number of different black brane solutions in different structures for perturbative corrections to general relativity. These are, namely, black brane solution in Rastall AdS massive gravity, Einstein-Yang-Mills AdS black brane solution in massive gravity and general anisotropic black brane in Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We calculate both the entropy and extremality bound by introducing a small constant correction to the action. Remarkably, we find that black brane violates the universal thermodynamic relations. In other words, a universal relation between corrections to entropy and extremality are not valid in the black brane structure.Comment: 14 pages; 2 captioned figure

Nanowires for Room-Temperature Mid-Infrared Emission

InAs-based nanowires hold a promise to offer transformational technologies for infrared photonic applications. Site-controlled InAs nanowire growth on low-cost Si substrates offers the practical integration advantages that silicon photonics benefits from. This includes the realisation of cheap photonic circuitries, light emitters and detectors that are otherwise expensive to realise with III/V material-based substrates. This chapter details the growth development of advanced faceted multi-quantum well structures within InAs nanowires using molecular beam epitaxy. We review the crystal structure for the faceted quantum wells along with an analysis of their optical emission characteristics which shows quantum confinement and localisation of the carriers on the quantum well nanostructure. This enables tuning of the emission wavelength and enhanced emission intensity up to the technologically important room-temperature operation point

Pannexin1 in human pluripotent stem cells and its influence on early cell fate decisions

Human development requires cells to work together within their environment to successfully differentiate and organize into complex tissues. Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a channel-forming protein that facilitates cell-cell communication by conveying small messenger molecules across cellular membranes. PANX1 is expressed in the early embryo and persists in most adult tissues. Dysfunctional PANX1 activity has been implicated in several human pathologies including oocyte cell death and neurological disease. Given its expression in the early embryo and its link to disease, we investigated PANX1’s involvement in cell fate specification to the embryonic germ layers and during complex, 3-dimensional human cerebral organoid development. Using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR, we find that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express PANX1. iPSCs subjected to CRISPR-Cas9 PANX1 genetic ablation show no changes in cellular morphology, pluripotency gene expression, proliferation, or apoptosis. However, spontaneously differentiated PANX1 knockout iPSCs have enhanced ability to generate mesoderm and endoderm germ layers compared to control. Furthermore, PANX1 is dynamically expressed and localized across different neural cell types at distinct stages of human cerebral organoid development. Taken together, our results suggest that PANX1-mediated cell communication actively participates in cell fate specification and human cerebral organoid development

Cosmic evolution of the logarithmic f(R) model and the dS swampland conjecture

In this paper, we study the inflationary scenario in logarithmic f(R) gravity, where the rate of inflation roll is constant. On the other hand, our gravitational f(R) model is a polynomial plus a logarithmic term. We take advantage of constant-roll conditions and investigate the cosmic evolution of the logarithmic f(R) gravity. Therefore, we plot some figures such as the scalar spectrum index $n_{s}$ and tensor-to-scaler ratio $r$ concerning $n$, $\beta$ and model's constant parameters, i.e., $\alpha$, $\theta$ and $\gamma$ respectively. Also, we obtain the potential by using the constant roll condition. We know that the potential value obtained with this condition has an exact value. Next, we challenge it with refined swampland conjecture with respect to the Planck data. Finally, we compare our results with the experimental data, especially Planck 2018.Comment: 20pages, 5 figure