905 research outputs found
One-by-one trap activation in silicon nanowire transistors
Flicker or 1/f noise in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
(MOSFETs) has been identified as the main source of noise at low frequency. It
often originates from an ensemble of a huge number of charges trapping and
detrapping. However, a deviation from the well-known model of 1/f noise is
observed for nanoscale MOSFETs and a new model is required. Here, we report the
observation of one-by-one trap activation controlled by the gate voltage in a
nanowire MOSFET and we propose a new low-frequency-noise theory for nanoscale
FETs. We demonstrate that the Coulomb repulsion between electronically charged
trap sites avoids the activation of several traps simultaneously. This effect
induces a noise reduction by more than one order of magnitude. It decreases
when increasing the electron density in the channel due to the electrical
screening of traps. These findings are technologically useful for any FETs with
a short and narrow channel.Comment: One file with paper and supplementary informatio
Anomalous thermal conductivity and local temperature distribution on harmonic Fibonacci chains
The harmonic Fibonacci chain, which is one of a quasiperiodic chain
constructed with a recursion relation, has a singular continuous
frequency-spectrum and critical eigenstates. The validity of the Fourier law is
examined for the harmonic Fibonacci chain with stochastic heat baths at both
ends by investigating the system size N dependence of the heat current J and
the local temperature distribution. It is shown that J asymptotically behaves
as (ln N)^{-1} and the local temperature strongly oscillates along the chain.
These results indicate that the Fourier law does not hold on the harmonic
Fibonacci chain. Furthermore the local temperature exhibits two different
distribution according to the generation of the Fibonacci chain, i.e., the
local temperature distribution does not have a definite form in the
thermodynamic limit. The relations between N-dependence of J and the
frequency-spectrum, and between the local temperature and critical eigenstates
are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Cond. Ma
Gene therapy restores vision in rd1 mice after removal of a confounding mutation in Gpr179
The rd1 mouse with a mutation in the Pde6b gene was the first strain of mice identified with a retinal degeneration. However, AAV-mediated gene supplementation of rd1 mice only results in structural preservation of photoreceptors, and restoration of the photoreceptor-mediated a-wave, but not in restoration of the bipolar cell-mediated b-wave. Here we show that a mutation in Gpr179 prevents the full restoration of vision in rd1 mice. Backcrossing rd1 with C57BL6 mice reveals the complete lack of b-wave in a subset of mice, consistent with an autosomal recessive Mendelian inheritance pattern. We identify a mutation in the Gpr179 gene, which encodes for a G-protein coupled receptor localized to the dendrites of ON-bipolar cells. Gene replacement in rd1 mice that are devoid of the mutation in Gpr179 successfully restores the function of both photoreceptors and bipolar cells, which is maintained for up to 13 months. Our discovery may explain the failure of previous gene therapy attempts in rd1 mice, and we propose that Grp179 mutation status should be taken into account in future studies involving rd1 mice
Quantum Phonon Optics: Coherent and Squeezed Atomic Displacements
In this paper we investigate coherent and squeezed quantum states of phonons.
The latter allow the possibility of modulating the quantum fluctuations of
atomic displacements below the zero-point quantum noise level of coherent
states. The expectation values and quantum fluctuations of both the atomic
displacement and the lattice amplitude operators are calculated in these
states---in some cases analytically. We also study the possibility of squeezing
quantum noise in the atomic displacement using a polariton-based approach.Comment: 6 pages, RevTe
A Silicon Nanowire Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect-Transistor with elementary charge sensitivity
We investigate the mechanisms responsible for the low-frequency noise in
liquid-gated nano-scale silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs)
and show that the charge-noise level is lower than elementary charge. Our
measurements also show that ionic strength of the surrounding electrolyte has a
minimal effect on the overall noise. Dielectric polarization noise seems to be
at the origin of the 1/f noise in our devices. The estimated spectral density
of charge noise Sq = 1.6x10-2 e/sqr(Hz) at 10 Hz opens the door to metrological
studies with these SiNW-FETs for the electrical detection of a small number of
molecules.Comment: One file including paper (with 3 figures) and supplementary
information (with 5 figures). Submitte
Water Electrolysis and Energy Harvesting with 0D Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors
The relationship of the gas bubble size to the size distribution critically
influences the effectiveness of electrochemical processes. Several optical and
acoustical techniques have been used to characterize the size and emission
frequency of bubbles. Here, we used zero-dimensional (0D) ion-sensitive
field-effect transistors (ISFETs) buried under a microbath to detect the
emission of individual bubbles electrically and to generate statistics on the
bubble emission time. The bubble size was evaluated via a simple model of the
electrolytic current. We suggest that energy lost during water electrolysis
could be used to generate electric pulses at an optimal efficiency with an
array of 0D ISFETs.Comment: One pdf file including paper and supporting informations. Nano
Letters, published on line (2013
Low-temperature heat transfer in nanowires
The new regime of low-temperature heat transfer in suspended nanowires is
predicted. It takes place when (i) only ``acoustic'' phonon modes of the wire
are thermally populated and (ii) phonons are subject to the effective elastic
scattering. Qualitatively, the main peculiarities of heat transfer originate
due to appearance of the flexural modes with high density of states in the wire
phonon spectrum. They give rise to the temperature dependence of the
wire thermal conductance. The experimental situations where the new regime is
likely to be detected are discussed.Comment: RevTex file, 1 PS figur
Design and fabrication of densely integrated silicon quantum dots using a VLSI compatible hydrogen silsesquioxane electron beam lithography process
Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is a high resolution negative-tone electron beam resist allowing for direct transfer of nanostructures into silicon-on-insulator. Using this resist for electron beam lithography, we fabricate high density lithographically defined Silicon double quantum dot (QD) transistors. We show that our approach is compatible with very large scale integration, allowing for parallel fabrication of up to 144 scalable devices. HSQ process optimisation allowed for realisation of reproducible QD dimensions of 50 nm and tunnel junction down to 25 nm. We observed that 80% of the fabricated devices had dimensional variations of less than 5 nm. These are the smallest high density double QD transistors achieved to date. Single electron simulations combined with preliminary electrical characterisations justify the reliability of our device and process
Effect of phonon scattering by surface roughness on the universal thermal conductance
The effect of phonon scattering by surface roughness on the thermal
conductance in mesoscopic systems at low temperatures is calculated using full
elasticity theory. The low frequency behavior of the scattering shows novel
power law dependences arising from the unusual properties of the elastic modes.
This leads to new predictions for the low temperature depression of the thermal
conductance below the ideal universal value. Comparison with the data of Schwab
et al. [Nature 404, 974 (2000)] suggests that surface roughness on a scale of
the width of the thermal pathway is important in the experiment.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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