Évolutions de la monnaie et du crédit en France en 2008.

Après plusieurs années de croissance soutenue, la contribution française à l’agrégat M3 de la zone euro a ralenti en 2008. La croissance des crédits au secteur privé, principale source de la création de monnaie, s’est modérée en France comme dans le reste de la zone euro.Monnaie, crédits à l’habitat, crédits aux entreprises.

Innovation, productivité et croissance. Compte rendu de la conférence organisée conjointement par la Banque de France et le CEPR en juillet 2007.

Une conférence internationale, organisée en juillet 2007 par la Banque de France et le CEPR, a été l’occasion de présentation et discussion de plusieurs analyses récentes portant sur les liens entre innovation, productivité et croissance.Innovation, concurrence, productivité, institutions, réformes.

Developments in money and credit in France in 2008.

Following several years of sustained growth, France’s contribution to the euro area broad monetary aggregate M3 slowed down in 2008. Growth of loans to the private sector, the main source of money creation, moderated in France and the rest of the euro area.Money, housing loans, business lending.

Columnar phase structures of an organic-inorganic hybrid functionalized with eight calamitic mesogens

Contains fulltext : 35002.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)A liquid-crystalline octapode, formed by laterally connecting calamitic mesogens to an inorganic silsesquioxane cube through flexible siloxane spacers, is studied using polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The studies are extended to mixtures of the octapode with the respective monomer mesogens. The monomer and the octapode show a nematic phase. At lower temperatures, the octapode exhibits additionally a columnar hexagonal phase (p6mm lattice), which, on further cooling, undergoes a transition to a columnar rectangular phase (p2gg lattice). A similar phase-transition sequence is observed for mixtures of the octapode with moderate concentrations of the monomer. The columnar - columnar transition is discussed combining XRD and DSC results, and a possible model of the molecular self-organization is presented

Wage-setting patterns and monetary policy: international evidence

Systematic differences in the timing of wage-setting decisions among industrialized countries provide an ideal framework to study the importance of wage rigidity for the transmission of monetary policy. Synchronization in wage-setting decisions is prevalent in Japan and the United States, yielding varying degrees of wage rigidity within the year: instead, in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom decisions are more uniformly spread over time. Exploiting within-year variation in the timing of wage-setting decisions in these economies, we find support for the long-held but scarcely tested view that wage rigidity plays a critical role in the transmission of monetary policy