Research and development technique for estimating airflow and diffusion parameters in connection with the Atmospheric Water Resources Program: interim report

CER70-71MMO78.Period September 2, 1970 to February 28, 1971.Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).Atmospheric Water Resources Research, Bureau of Reclamation, Contract No. 14-06-0-6842.This report presents a summary of the research and tentative findings on the use of scaled topographic models and laboratory techniques to study the transport and dispersion of cloud seeding material over mountainous terrain. Three mountainous areas along the continental divide have been selected by the Bureau of Reclamation for such studies. Each area has cloud seeding programs in progress

Research and development technique for estimating airflow and diffusion parameters in connection with the Atmospheric Water Resources Program : final report

CER69-70JEC-LOG-MMO-11.August 1969.Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).Period March 15, 1968 to June 30, 1969 Atmospheric Water Resources Research Bureau of Reclamation Contract No. 14-06-D-6455.A stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer was simulated in a wind tunnel and utilized to determine radioactive krypton dispersion patterns over a 1:9600 scale model of the Eagle River Valley and topography surrounding Climax, Colorado. Geometric, dynamic, and thermal similarity are considered, primarily, for barostromatic airflow. Similarity criteria for transport and dispersion are considered also. This is the first time that a barostromatic airflow produced by cooling with dry ice has been documented by temperature and velocity profile measurements. Field Gata indicate that airflow and temperature characteristics over the model are approximately similar to a prototype storm. Dispersion measurements were taken by using sources representative of field ground sources. Model and field measurements confirm that seeding nuclei are reaching the target area from the present existing ground sources. Limited field measurements of ice nuclei concentrations at Chalk Mountain show a variation of 5 to 300 part./liter or XU/Q ~ 1 x 10 -9m-2 to 68 x 10-9m-2. Concentration values deduced from radioactive gas measurements over the model show values within the same range but closer to the optimum values indicated by present cloud physics models, i.e., XU/Q ~ 15 to 18 x 10-9m-2. The barostromatic airflow model indicated that topography plays an important role in determining the downwind direction of the particulate plume.Under contract no. 14-06-D-6455

Delivery of nucleating materials to cloud systems from individual ground generators

CER69-70LOG-JEC-MMO24.February 1968.Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-42).Presented to the Bureau of Reclamation Third Skywater Conference on the Production and Delivery of Cloud Nucleating Materials February 14-16, 1968.Delivery of nucleating materials to cloud systems from individual ground generators can play an important role in the beneficial modification of orographic cloud systems. Substantial evidence from the Colorado State University mountain study at Climax is presented to show that ground-released seeding materials do under some weather situations in fact enter the mountain cloud systems and produce changes in the precipitation. Evidence is also presented to show that under other weather situations seeding materials are not carried to the proper clouds at a place and time to be of value. A discussion of atmospheric transport mechanisms is presented to serve as a basis for understanding the motions of seeding materials once released from a ground source. The approaches, or directions, for further research are discussed. This includes consideration of the coagulation problem in the vicinity of the generator site. The use of wind tunnel modeling, which can provide basic information and specific results for specific areas, is emphasized

Renal ischemia and reperfusion activates the eIF2 alpha kinase PERK

Inhibition of protein synthesis occurs in the post-ischemic reperfused kidney but the molecular mechanism of renal translation arrest is unknown. Several pathways have been identified whereby cell stress inhibits translation initiation via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2a, phospho-form eIF2a(P)]. Here, we report a 20-fold increase in eIF2a(P) in kidney homogenates following 10 min of cardiac arrest-induced ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed eIF2a(P) in tubular epithelial cells in both cortex and medulla, where the greatest eIF2a(P) staining was found in epithelial cells of the so-called watershed area at the corticomedullary junction. We further show that increased eIF2a(P) is accompanied by activation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum eIF2a kinase (PERK). These observations indicate that renal ischemia and reperfusion induce stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and activate the unfolded protein response in renal epithelial cells. As the unfolded protein response can result alternatively in a pro-survival or pro-apoptotic outcome, the present study demonstrates an new additional mechanism involved in cell damage and/or repair in ischemic and reperfused kidney. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Open surgical partial nephrectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106973/1/iju12301.pd

‘Should I get a PSA test?’ – the question is not that simple

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113754/1/tre484.pd

Organohalogen contaminants and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebellum gray matter in short-beaked common dolphins and Atlantic white-sided dolphins from the western North Atlantic

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Pollution 157 (2009):2345-2358, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.024.Concentrations of several congeners and classes of organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) and/or their metabolites, namely organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated-PCBs (OH-PCBs), methylsulfonyl-PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, and OH-PBDEs, were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of short-beaked common dolphins (n = 2), Atlantic white-sided dolphins (n = 8), and gray seal (n = 1) from the western North Atlantic. In three Atlantic white-sided dolphins, cerebellum gray matter (GM) was also analyzed. The levels of OCs, PCBs, MeSO2-PCBs, PBDEs, and OH-PBDEs in cerebellum GM were higher than the concentrations in CSF. 4-OH-2,3,3’,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) was the only detectable OH-PCB congener present in CSF. The sum (Σ) OH-PCBs/ Σ PCB concentration ratio in CSF was approximately two to three orders of magnitude greater than the ratio in cerebellum GM for dolphins.This study was supported through an Environmental Protection Agency STAR fellowship (U-91616101-2) and a National Woman’s Farm and Garden Association Scholarship awarded to Dr. Eric Montie, and by the WHOI Ocean Life Institute, the Quebec Labrador Fund/Atlantic Center for the Environment, the WHOI Academic Programs Office, the Sawyer Endowment, Walter A. and Hope Noyes Smith, and Dr. David Mann at the University of South Florida

A quantum point contact for neutral atoms

We show that the conductance of neutral atoms through a tightly confining waveguide constriction is quantized in units of lambda_dB^2/pi, where lambda_dB is the de Broglie wavelength of the incident atoms. Such a constriction forms the atom analogue of an electron quantum point contact and is an example of quantum transport of neutral atoms in an aperiodic system. We present a practical constriction geometry that can be realized using a microfabricated magnetic waveguide, and discuss how a pair of such constrictions can be used to study the quantum statistics of weakly interacting gases in small traps.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let