Urogenital war injuries treated at Medical center in Slavonski Brod

Na Kirurškom odjelu Medicinskog centra Slavonski Brod bilo je tijekom Domovinskog rata hospitalizirano i liječeno 4520 ranjenika, od kojih 91 (2%) zbog urogenitalnih ozljeda. Najčešće zahvaćeni organ bio je bubreg, u 55 (60,4%), a najrjeđe ureter u 3 (3,3%) slučaja. Ozljede bubrega, uretera i mjehura bile su kombinirane s ozljedama abdominalnih organa u 97% slučajeva. Izvršeno je 37 (67%) nefrektomija, a od 18 ozljeda testisa, u 10 je bila izvršena orhidektomija.At the Surgical Department of Slavonski Brod Medical Center, 4520 wounded were hospitalized, 91 of whom (2%) because of urogenital wounds. Kidney injury was the most common (55 cases, i.e. 60.4%) and ureteral injury (3 cases, i.e. 3.3%) the least common. In 97% of cases injuries of the kidney, ureter and bladder were associated with different abdominal injuries. In 37 of 55 kidney injuries (67%) nephrectomy was performed, and 10 of 18 testicular injuries (55.5%) were treated by orchidectomy

Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidative Activity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Containing Organic Acid

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) may be considered ‘designer solvents’ due to their numerous structural variations and the possibility of tailoring their physicochemical properties. Prior to their industrial application, characterization of NADES is essential, including determination of their physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and antioxidative activity. The most important physicochemical properties of eight prepared NADES (choline chloride:malic acid, proline:malic acid, choline chloride:proline:malic acid, betaine:malic acid, malic acid:glucose, malic acid:glucose:glycerol, choline chloride:citric acid, and betaine:citric acid) were measured as functions of temperature and water content. In general, the structure of prepared NADES greatly influences their physical properties, which could be successfully modified and adjusted by addition of water. All tested NADES were absolutely benign and noncorrosive for investigated steel X6CrNiTi18-10. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of prepared solvents was assessed toward three human cell lines (HEK-293T, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells), and antioxidative activity was measured by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) method. With regard to cell viability, all tested NADES containing carboxylic acid could be classified as practically harmless and considered environmentally safe. The ORAC values indicated that the tested NADES displayed antioxidative activity

Transcription-Dependent Gene Looping of the HIV-1 Provirus Is Dictated by Recognition of Pre-mRNA Processing Signals

HIV-1 provirus, either as a chromosomal integrant or as an episomal plasmid in HeLa cells, forms a transcription-dependent gene loop structure between the 50LTR promoter and 30LTR poly(A) signal. Flavopiridol-mediated inhibition of RNA polymerase II elongation blocks 50 to 30LTR juxtaposition, indicating that this structure is maintained during transcription. Analysis of mutant or hybrid HIV-1 plasmids demonstrates that replacement of the 50LTR promoter withCMVor the 30LTR poly(A) signal with a synthetic element (SPA) permits gene loop formation, suggesting that these interactions are not retroviral specific. In addition, activation of the 50LTR poly(A) signal or inactivation of the 30LTR poly(A) signal abolishes gene loop formation. Overall, we demonstrate that both ongoing transcription and pre-mRNA processing are essential for gene loop formation, and predict that these structures represent a defining feature of active gene transcription

A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware

Abstract A novel method for embedded hardware-based parameter estimation of the Cole model of bioimpedance is developed and presented. The model parameters R ∞, R 1 and C are estimated using the derived set of equations based on measured values of real (R) and imaginary part (X) of bioimpedance, as well as the numerical approximation of the first derivative of quotient R/X with respect to angular frequency. The optimal value for parameter α is estimated using a brute force method. The estimation accuracy of the proposed method is very similar with the relevant work from the existing literature. Moreover, performance evaluation was performed using the MATLAB software installed on a laptop, as well as on the three embedded-hardware platforms (Arduino Mega2560, Raspberry Pi Pico and XIAO SAMD21). Obtained results showed that the used platforms can perform reliable bioimpedance processing with the same accuracy, while Raspberry Pi Pico is the fastest solution with the smallest energy consumption

Multiple proviral integration events after virological synapse-mediated HIV-1 spread

HIV-1 can move directly between T cells via virological synapses (VS). Although aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this mode of spread have been elucidated, the outcomes for infection of the target cell remain incompletely understood. We set out to determine whether HIV-1 transfer via VS results in productive, high-multiplicity HIV-1 infection. We found that HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread resulted in nuclear import of multiple proviruses into target cells as seen by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Proviral integration into the target cell genome was significantly higher than that seen in a cell-free infection system, and consequent de novo viral DNA and RNA production in the target cell detected by quantitative PCR increased over time. Our data show efficient proviral integration across VS, implying the probability of multiple integration events in target cells that drive productive T cell infection