5,917 research outputs found
Politics and the Economy in Pre-War Japan
The paper by Richard J Smethurst discusses the influences that led to the economic policies pursued in the interwar period by Takahashi Korekiyo, who engineered Japan's recovery from the depression in the early 1930s, and is often thought of as the 'Keynes' of Japan. The paper traces the influence on Takahashi's thinking of his Western experiences and diverse bureaucratic career, but focusses in particular on the role of Takahashi's mentor, Maeda Masana. The paper by Masataka Matsuura analyses the term zaikai as used in prewar Japan and its identity as a small network whose influence was distinct from that of the zaibatsu. The paper traces the membership and activities of this small group from the time of Shibusawa Eiichi through to the Second World War, and argues for the importance of the functions they discharged in the context of the developing Japanese economy.Japan, economic depression in early 1930s, Takahashi Korekiyo, Maeda Masana, zaikai, zaibatsu, Japanese economic development, Shibusawa Eiichi.
Leptonic Signals from off-shell Z Boson Pairs at Hadron Colliders
We study the gluon fusion into pairs of off-shell Z bosons and their
subsequent decay into charged lepton pairs at hadron colliders. We do not
restrict the intermediate state Z bosons to the narrow width approximation but
allow for arbitrary invariant masses. We compare the strength of this process
with the known leading order results for q q_bar -> Z Z -> 4 l and for g g -> H
-> Z Z -> 4 l .Comment: 18 p., DESY 94-06
A Microscopic Mechanism for Muscle's Motion
The SIRM (Stochastic Inclined Rods Model) proposed by H. Matsuura and M.
Nakano can explain the muscle's motion perfectly, but the intermolecular
potential between myosin head and G-actin is too simple and only repulsive
potential is considered. In this paper we study the SIRM with different complex
potential and discuss the effect of the spring on the system. The calculation
results show that the spring, the effective radius of the G-actin and the
intermolecular potential play key roles in the motion. The sliding speed is
about calculated from the model which well agrees with
the experimental data.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
The timing and location of dust formation in the remnant of SN 1987A
The discovery with the {\it Herschel Space Observatory} of bright far
infrared and submm emission from the ejecta of the core collapse supernova
SN\,1987A has been interpreted as indicating the presence of some
0.4--0.7\,M of dust. We have constructed radiative transfer models of
the ejecta to fit optical to far-infrared observations from the literature at
epochs between 615 days and 24 years after the explosion, to determine when and
where this unexpectedly large amount of dust formed.
We find that the observations by day 1153 are consistent with the presence of
310M of dust. Although this is a larger amount than has
previously been considered possible at this epoch, it is still very small
compared to the amount present in the remnant after 24 years, and significantly
higher dust masses at the earlier epochs are firmly ruled out by the
observations, indicating that the majority of the dust must have formed at very
late times. By 8515-9200 days after the explosion, 0.6--0.8\,M of dust
is present, and dust grains with radii greater than 2\,m are required to
obtain a fit to the observed SED. This suggests that the dust mass increase at
late times was caused by accretion onto and coagulation of the dust grains
formed at earlier epochs.
These findings provide further confirmation that core collapse supernovae can
create large quantities of dust, and indicate that the reason for small dust
masses being estimated in many cases is that the vast majority of the dust
forms long after most supernovae have been detectable at mid-infrared
wavelengths.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Effect of random disorder and spin frustration on the reentrant spin glass phase and ferromagnetic phase in stage-2 Cu_{0.93}Co_{0.07}Cl_{2} graphite intercalation compound near the multicritical point
Stage-2 CuCoCl graphite intercalation compound
magnetically behaves like a reentrant ferromagnet near the multicritical point
(). It undergoes two magnetic phase transitions at
( K) and ( K). The static
and dynamic nature of the ferromagnetic and reentrant spin glass phase has been
studied using DC and AC magnetic susceptibility. Characteristic memory
phenomena of the DC susceptibility are observed at and . The
nonlinear AC susceptibility has a positive local maximum at
, and a negative local minimum at . The relaxation time
between and shows a critical slowing down: with and sec. The
influence of the random disorder on the critical behavior above is
clearly observed: , , and . The
exponent of is far from that of 3D Heisenberg model.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Submillimeter-Wave Measurements and Analysis of the Ground and ν2 = 1 States of Water
In order to facilitate further studies of water in the interstellar medium, the envelopes of late-type stars, jets, and shocked regions, the frequencies of 17 newly measured H_2 ^(16)O transitions between 0.841 and 1.575 THz are reported. A complete update of the available water line frequencies and a detailed calculation of unmeasured rotational transitions and transition intensities as a function of temperature are presented for the ground and ν_2 = 1 state levels below 3000 cm^(-1) of excitation energy. The new terahertz transitions were measured with a recently developed laser difference frequency spectrometer. Six of these transitions arise from the ν_2 = 1 state, and the other 11 are in the ground state; all have lower state energies from 700 to 1750 cm^(-1) and should be accessible to Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) through the atmosphere. The transitions near 0.850 THz are accessible from the ground with existing receivers. Observations of the newly measured ν_2 = 1 state transitions, which include the 1_(1, 1)-0_(0, 0) fundamental at 1.2057 THz and five other very low J transitions, should provide valuable insights into role played by the ν2 = 1 state in the cooling dynamics of jets, shocks, masers, and strongly infrared-pumped regions. The line list is presented to assist in the planning of observational campaigns with the Far-Infrared Space Telescope (FIRST) and other proposed space missions with which a full suite of water observations can be carried out
A High Power Frequency-Stabilized Tunable Two-Frequency Diode Laser System for the Generation of Coherent THz-Waves by Photomixing
A tunable two-frequency high-power diode laser system at 850 nm for terahertz (Thz)-wave generation by photomixing in low-temperature-grown GaAs photo-conductors has been developed. The difference frequency is obtained through a three laser system, where two lasers are locked to different orders of a Fabry-Perot cavity and a third is offset-locked to the first, The difference-frequency signal is generated by the offset laser and the other cavity-locked laser. The spectral purity of the beat note is better than 1 MHz. The maximum output power of -500 mW was obtained by using the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) technique, simultaneous injection of two seed frequencies with a single semiconductor optical amplifier. Here we report the generation of THz waves and spectroscopy of acetonitrile as proof of concept
VLT observations of the asymmetric Etched Hourglass Nebula, MyCn 18
Context. The mechanisms that form extreme bipolar planetary nebulae remain
unclear. Aims. The physical properties, structure, and dynamics of the bipolar
planetary nebula, MyCn 18, are investigated in detail with the aim of
understanding the shaping mechanism and evolutionary history of this object.
Methods. VLT infrared images, VLT ISAAC infrared spectra, and long-slit optical
Echelle spectra are used to investigate MyCn 18. Morpho-kinematic modelling was
used to firmly constrain the structure and kinematics of the source. A
timescale analysis was used to determine the kinematical age of the nebula and
its main components. Results. A spectroscopic study of MyCn 18's central and
offset region reveals the detailed make-up of its nebular composition.
Molecular hydrogen, atomic helium, and Bracket gamma emission are detected from
the central regions of MyCn 18. ISAAC spectra from a slit position along the
narrow waist of the nebula demonstrate that the ionised gas resides closer to
the centre of the nebula than the molecular emission. A kinematical age of the
nebula and its components were obtained by the P-V arrays and timescale
analysis. Conclusions. The structure and kinematics of MyCn 18 are better
understood using an interactive 3-D modelling tool called shape. A dimensional
and timescale analysis of MyCn 18's major components provides a possible
mechanism for the nebula's asymmetry. The putative central star is somewhat
offset from the geometric centre of the nebula, which is thought to be the
result of a binary system. We speculate that the engulfing and destruction of
an exoplanet during the AGB phase may have been a key event in shaping MyCn 18
and generating of its hypersonic knotty outflow.Comment: 15 pages, 3 tables, 13 figures. Accepted for publication by A&
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