Experimental determination of the b quark mass in DELPHI

The running mass of the b quark as defined in the MS-bar renormalization scheme, m_b, was measured at the M_Z scale using 2.8 million hadronic Z^0 decays collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP. The result is m_b(M_Z) = 2.67 +- 0.25 (stat.) +- 0.34 (frag.) +- 0.27(theo.) GeV/c^2 which differs from that obtained at the Upsilon scale, by m_b(M_\Upsilon/2)-m_b(M_Z) = 1.49 +- 0.52 GeV/c^2. This measurement, performed far from the $b\bar{b}$ production threshold, provides the first experimental observation of the running of the quark masses.Comment: Talk given at the QCD 97 conference held in Montpellier, July 1997. Also available here http://hep.ph.liv.ac.uk/~martis

A unified evaluation of iterative projection algorithms for phase retrieval

Iterative projection algorithms are successfully being used as a substitute of lenses to recombine, numerically rather than optically, light scattered by illuminated objects. Images obtained computationally allow aberration-free diffraction-limited imaging and the possibility of using radiation for which no lenses exist. The challenge of this imaging technique is transfered from the lenses to the algorithms. We evaluate these new computational ``instruments'' developed for the phase retrieval problem, and discuss acceleration strategies.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, revte

Additional Soft Jets in ttˉ{\rm t\bar{t}} Production at the Tevatron \pp Collider

A large fraction of top quark events in \pp collisions at 1.8\ \TeV will contain additional soft hadronic jets from gluon bremsstrahlung off the quarks and gluons in the hard processes \qq, gg \to \tt \to \bb \ww. These extra jets can cause complications when attempting to reconstruct $m_t$ from the invariant mass of combinations of final-state quarks and leptons. We show how such soft radiation cannot be unambiguously associated with either initial-state radiation or or with final-state radiation off the $b$ quarks. The top quarks can radiate too, and in fact the pattern of radiation has a very rich structure, which depends on the orientation of the final-state particles with respect to each other and with respect to the beam. We calculate the full radiation pattern of soft jets in the soft gluon approximation and compare with several approximate forms which are characteristic of parton shower Monte Carlos. The implications for top mass measurements are discussed.Comment: plain LaTeX, 13 pages plus 9 figures included as a separate uuencoded file (or avail. from authors); DTP/94/60, UR-136

QCD coherence in deep inelastic scattering at small x at HERA

QCD coherence effects in initial state radiation at small x in deep inelastic scattering in HERA kinematics are studied with the help of the Monte Carlo model SMALLX. Theoretical assumptions based on the CCFM evolution equation are reviewed and the basic properties of the partonic final states are investigated. The results are compared with those obtained in the conventional DGLAP evolution scheme.Comment: 23 pages, latex, 9 ps figures included. One reference added and citation in the paper improve

Holographic analysis of diffraction structure factors

We combine the theory of inside-source/inside-detector x-ray fluorescence holography and Kossel lines/x ray standing waves in kinematic approximation to directly obtain the phases of the diffraction structure factors. The influence of Kossel lines and standing waves on holography is also discussed. We obtain partial phase determination from experimental data obtaining the sign of the real part of the structure factor for several reciprocal lattice vectors of a vanadium crystal.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitte

Theoretical Aspects of Particle Production

These lectures describe some of the latest data on particle production in high-energy collisions and compare them with theoretical calculations and models based on QCD. The main topics covered are: fragmentation functions and factorization, small-x fragmentation, hadronization models, differences between quark and gluon fragmentation, current and target fragmentation in deep inelastic scattering, and heavy quark fragmentation.Comment: 26 pages, 27 figures. Lectures at International Summer School on Particle Production Spanning MeV and TeV Energies, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, August 199

Compressive Phase Contrast Tomography

When x-rays penetrate soft matter, their phase changes more rapidly than their amplitude. In- terference effects visible with high brightness sources creates higher contrast, edge enhanced images. When the object is piecewise smooth (made of big blocks of a few components), such higher con- trast datasets have a sparse solution. We apply basis pursuit solvers to improve SNR, remove ring artifacts, reduce the number of views and radiation dose from phase contrast datasets collected at the Hard X-Ray Micro Tomography Beamline at the Advanced Light Source. We report a GPU code for the most computationally intensive task, the gridding and inverse gridding algorithm (non uniform sampled Fourier transform).Comment: 5 pages, "Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VI" conference 7800, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 1-5 August 2010 San Diego, CA United State

THE GLUON DISTRIBUTION AT SMALL x OBTAINED FROM A UNIFIED EVOLUTION EQUATION.

We solve a unified integral equation to obtain the $x, Q_T$ and $Q$ dependence of the gluon distribution of a proton in the small $x$ regime; where $x$ and $Q_T$ are the longitudinal momentum fraction and the transverse momentum of the gluon probed at a scale $Q$. The equation generates a gluon with a steep $x^{- \lambda}$ behaviour, with $\lambda \sim 0.5$, and a $Q_T$ distribution which broadens as $x$ decreases. We compare our solutions with, on the one hand, those that we obtain using the double-leading-logarithm approximation to Altarelli-Parisi evolution and, on the other hand, to those that we determine from the BFKL equation.Comment: LaTeX file with 10 postscript figures (uuencoded

Carbonatos en suelos de la zona oriental de Gran Canaria

The study of three soil profiles in the aridic-xeric zone of Las Palmas island showed that: petrocalcic horizons are formed in pyroclastic episodes; these horizons are generally thick; the xeric zone frequently have polycyclic profiles and their carbonates have complex mineralogy; underlain basaltic rocks are scantly altered, and their joints are frequently filled by carbonates. These facts suggest that the development of these profiles is mostly Pleistocene, and the diffuse carbonates accumulation in depth obstructs the assessment of carbonatation processes

The unintegrated gluon distribution from the CCFM equation

The gluon distribution f(x, k_t^2,mu^2), unintegrated over the transverse momentum k_t of the gluon, satisfies the angular-ordered CCFM equation which interlocks the dependence on the scale k_t with the scale \mu of the probe. We show how, to leading logarithmic accuracy, the equation can be simplified to a single scale problem. In particular we demonstrate how to determine the two-scale unintegrated distribution f(x,k_t^2,mu^2) from knowledge of the integrated gluon obtained from a unified scheme embodying both BFKL and DGLAP evolution.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX, 3 eps figure