Considerations about multistep community detection

The problem and implications of community detection in networks have raised a huge attention, for its important applications in both natural and social sciences. A number of algorithms has been developed to solve this problem, addressing either speed optimization or the quality of the partitions calculated. In this paper we propose a multi-step procedure bridging the fastest, but less accurate algorithms (coarse clustering), with the slowest, most effective ones (refinement). By adopting heuristic ranking of the nodes, and classifying a fraction of them as `critical', a refinement step can be restricted to this subset of the network, thus saving computational time. Preliminary numerical results are discussed, showing improvement of the final partition.Comment: 12 page

Association of antigens to ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant using metal chelation leads to improved CTL responses

The association of antigen with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant has been shown to be important for the optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we describe a simple broadly applicable method for associating recombinant proteins with hexa-histidine tags to ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant utilising metal-affinity chelating interactions. The metal chelation binding step can be performed in a wide range of buffers, including commonly used denaturants such as urea, which makes it an ideal strategy for formulating proteins which are otherwise insoluble. Following association of protein with the chelating ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, the denaturant can be removed. Further, we show enhanced CTL responses with a protein-associated chelating ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine compared to a non-associated ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine

Cytotoxic T cell polyepitope vaccines delivered by ISCOMs

CD8 alpha beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) polyepitope or polytope vaccines have traditionally been delivered using recombinant vector or DNA based delivery modalities. Here we show the delivery of polytope vaccines in the form of either synthetic polypeptides or recombinant polytope proteins by ImmunoStimulatory COMplexes (ISCOMs (R)). Induction of multiple protective CTL responses by these polytope-ISCOM formulations were comparable to viral vector or DNA based delivery modalities as assessed by IFN gamma ELISpot, chromium release and viral challenge assays. Measurement of CTL responses specific for the different epitopes revealed imunodominance patterns, which were largely independent of the vaccine vector or the order of the epitopes in the polytope. ISCOMs thus emerge as a viable human delivery modality for protein-based polytope vaccines. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Detecting and Ranking API Usage Pattern in Large Source Code Repository: A LFM Based Approach

Part 1: MAKE TopologyInternational audienceCode examples are key resources for helping programmers to learn correct Application Programming Interface (API) usages efficiently. However, most framework and library APIs fail in providing sufficient and adequate code examples in corresponding official documentations. Thus, it takes great programmers’ efforts to browse and extract API usage examples from websites. To reduce such effort, this paper proposes a graph-based pattern-oriented mining approach, LFM-OUPD (Local fitness measure for detecting overlapping usage patterns) for API usage facility, that recommends proper API code examples from data analytics. API method queries are accepted from programmers and corresponding code files are collected from related API dataset. The detailed structural links among API method elements in conceptual source codes are captured and generate a code graph structure. Lancichinetti et al. proposed an overlapping community detecting algorithm (Local fitness measure, LFM), based on the local optimization of a fitness function. In LFM-OUPD, a mining algorithm based on LFM is presented to explore the division of method sequences in the directed source code element graph and detect candidates of different API usage patterns. Then a ranking approach is applied to obtain appropriate API usage pattern and code example candidates. A case study on Google Guava is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach

Association of antigens to ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant using metal chelation leads to improved CTL responses

The association of antigen with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant has been shown to be important for the optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we describe a simple broadly applicable method for associating recombinant proteins with hexa-histidine tags to ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant utilising metal-affinity chelating interactions. The metal chelation binding step can be performed in a wide range of buffers, including commonly used denaturants such as urea, which makes it an ideal strategy for formulating proteins which are otherwise insoluble. Following association of protein with the chelating ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, the denaturant can be removed. Further, we show enhanced CTL responses with a protein-associated chelating ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine compared to a non-associated ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine

ISCOMATRIX (TM) adjuvant: An adjuvant suitable for use in anticancer vaccines

Human Papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are associated with cervical cancer development and progression and can therefore be used as target antigens for cancer immunotherapy. In this study we evaluated the immunogenicity in mice, of different vaccine formulations using recombinant HPV16 derived E6E7 or E7GST fusion proteins. When co-administered with ISCOMATRIX(TM) adjuvant, these E6E7 proteins consistently induced E7 specific CTL, in vivo tumor protection, antibody and DTH responses. ISCOMATRIX(TM) adjuvant has been developed for use in the formulation of novel human vaccines and has been evaluated for safety and toxicity in human trials. A formulation containing aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)(3)) gave a lesser degree of E7 specific antibody, and no local E7 specific CTL response but similar DTH and tumor protection. These findings demonstrate the potential of ISCOMATRIX(TM) adjuvant to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses to endogenously processed target antigens, and hence is the preferred adjuvant when CTL responses are desirable. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A Distributed and Clustering-Based Algorithm for the Enumeration Problem in Abstract Argumentation

International audienceComputing acceptability semantics of abstract argumentation frameworks is receiving increasing attention. Large-scale instances, with a clustered structure, have shown particularly difficult to compute. This paper presents a distributed algorithm, AFDivider, that enumerates the acceptable sets under several labelling-based semantics. This algorithm starts with cutting the argumentation framework into clusters thanks to a spectral clustering method, before computing simultaneously in each cluster parts of the labellings. This algorithm is proven to be sound and complete for the stable, complete and preferred semantics, and empirical results are presented.Le calcul de l’acceptabilité dans les systèmes d’argumentation reçoit une attention croissante. Dans les systèmes de grande envergure, avec une structure en clusters, ce calculs e montre particulièrement difficile. Cet article présente un algorithme distribué, AFDivider, qui énumère les ensembles acceptables sous plusieurs sémantiques, en commençant par découper le système d’argumentation en clusters grâce à une méthode de partitionnement spectral, avant de calculer simultanément dans chaque partition des parties des en-sembles acceptables. Cet algorithme est prouvé correct et complet pour les sémantiques stable, complète et préférée,et des résultats empiriques sont présentés