Myths and lessons of liberal intervention: The British campaign for the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil

This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 Martinus NijhoffThis article takes issue with recent references to the British nineteenth century campaign for the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Brazil that serve to bolster interventionist or imperialist agendas. In particular, such accounts reproduce two and a half myths about the campaign: that it can serve as a model for the present age; that the success of the campaign can be explained through the actions of the intervening party alone (with a corresponding neglect of those of the ‘target’ state); and the half-myth that the campaign’s success was due to military action (at the expense of institutional (legal) and normative factors and the capacity of the target state). I argue instead that this case – and interventions more generally – would benefit from an analysis that considers the role of force in relation to a series of residual institutional and cultural constraints within the liberal state and to political conditions in the target state. In light of the complexities and contingencies that these factors present the underlying lesson is that military force should be used sparingly, if at all

Ex Ante Benefit Cost Analysis Of Small Farm Maize Research And Demonstrations, Zimbabwe

AEE Working paper.With the increasing scarcity of public funds for agricultural research - agricultural research as a percentage of GDP is falling - pressure is being placed on research managers to justify their expenditures, Budget reductions are resulting in reduced farm demonstrations and inappropriate combinations of researchers/technicians. The research strategy of "yield and quality" has been successful for many agricultural research institutes in the past. Improved performance of agricultural research institutes can be achieved by selecting alternative research programs and projects using benefit/cost (B/C) criteria. Ex ante benefit/cost analysis can be used as an investment criterion to select research and demonstration activities with potentially high investment returns. Ex post or historical investment analysis is useful but is not directly relevant for identifying current high pay-off research projects and programs. The ex ante benefit measure focuses on improvements in future farm financial gross margins for small farmers resulting from current research/and demonstration activities. The time, travel and other costs associated with a given research and demonstration activity by agricultural researchers and extension staff are considered as a capital investment cost: on an incremental project basis

Adenosine to inosine editing by ADAR2 requires formation of a ternary complex on the GluR-B R/G site

RNA editing by members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) enzyme family involves hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine within the context of a double-stranded pre-mRNA substrate. Editing of the human GluR-B transcript is catalyzed by, the enzyme ADAR2 at the Q/R and R/G sites. We have established a minimal RNA substrate for editing based on the RIG site and have characterized the interaction of ADAR2 with this RNA by gel shift, kinetic, and cross-linking analyses. Gel shift analysis revealed that two complexes are formed on the RNA as protein concentration is increased; the ADAR monomers can be crosslinked to one another in an RNA-dependent fashion. We performed a detailed kinetic study of the editing reaction; the data from this study are consistent with a reaction scheme in which formation of an ADAR2.RNA ternary complex is required for efficient RNA editing and in which formation of this complex is rate determining. These observations suggest that RNA adenosine deaminases function as homodimers on their RNA substrates and may partially explain regulation of RNA editing in these systems

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2009

2009 - 2010 Meeting Date Calendar 2010 Annual Luncheon & Meeting Notice Officers, Committee Chairs, Satellite and Volunteers Bulletin Publication Committee The President\u27s Message Treasurer\u27s Report Resume of Minutes Office News Committee Reports Annual Giving Contributors Letter to Alumni Janet C. Hindson Award Janet C. Hindson Award Qualifications 2009 Janet C. Hindson\u27s Nominees 2009 Janet C. Hindson\u27s Recipient\u27s Acceptance Speech TJUH\u27s MAGNET Award Our MAGNET Journey News About and From Our Graduates JSN Nursing Alumni Celebration; 117 years of Nursing Education Memories Ballad O\u27Brien Happy Birthday- To Be 80 or More Luncheon Pictures 50th Anniversary Class List for 1959 2009 Luncheon Reservations 50th Anniversary Class List for 1960 Love Ya Lorraine In Memoriam, Names of Deceased Graduates Class News - 2009 Additional Information - Pins, Transcript and Address Information Application For Nurses\u27 Scholarship Fund Certification Reimbursement Application Application For Relief Trust Fund Benefits List of Hotels Campus Map Change of Address Form - Donations - Information Change

Income Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, and the Great Gatsby Curve: Is Education the Key?

It is widely believed that countries with greater levels of income inequality also have lower levels of intergenerational mobility. This relationship, known as the Great Gatsby Curve (GGC), has been prominently cited by high-ranking public policymakers, bestselling authors, and Nobel Prize–winning academics. Yet, relatively little crossnational work has empirically examined the mechanisms thought to underpin the GGC—particularly with regard to the role of educational attainment. This paper uses the cross-nationally comparable Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data set to shed new light on this issue. We find that income inequality is associated with several key components of the intergenerational transmission process—including access to higher education, the financial returns on education, and the residual effect of parental education upon labor-market earnings. Thus, consistent with theoretical models, we find that educational attainment is an important driver of the relationship between intergenerational mobility and income inequality. We hence conclude that unequal access to financial resources plays a central role in the intergenerational transmission of advantage

A serological survey of ruminant livestock in Kazakhstan during post-Soviet transitions in farming and disease control

The results of a serological survey of livestock in Kazakhstan, carried out in 1997–1998, are reported. Serum samples from 958 animals (cattle, sheep and goats) were tested for antibodies to foot and mouth disease (FMD), bluetongue (BT), epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), rinderpest (RP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses, and to Brucella spp. We also investigated the vaccination status of livestock and related this to changes in veterinary provision since independence in 1991. For the 2 diseases under official surveillance (FMD and brucellosis) our results were similar to official data, although we found significantly higher brucellosis levels in 2 districts and widespread ignorance about FMD vaccination status. The seroprevalence for BT virus was 23%, and seropositive animals were widespread suggesting endemicity, despite the disease not having being previously reported. We found a few seropositives for EHDV and PPRV, which may suggest that these diseases are also present in Kazakhstan. An hierarchical model showed that seroprevalence to FMD and BT viruses were clustered at the farm/village level, rather than at a larger spatial scale. This was unexpected for FMD, which is subject to vaccination policies which vary at the raion (county) level

The unequal scarring effects of a recession on young people's life chances

Large parts of the economy were suspended from late March - June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The UK economy shrank by 20% in April 2020 as a result (ONS, 2020a). Given a 2% decline in GDP in the first three months of 2020, a severe recession is inevitable. NIESR's main-case scenario is a 7% economic contraction across 2020 (Lenoel & Young, 2020). The UK Government has sought to buffer the economic effects of this crisis through support such as the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS), allowing employers to place employees on "furlough". However, such schemes are designed to support those already in work, plus likely effects of the increase in employer contributions in August, suggests young people face an extremely challenging job market. Job vacancies were estimated to be 637,000 in February-April 2020; this is a fall of 170,000 compared to the previous 3-month period, which is the largest fall since comparable records began (ONS, 2020b). Henehan (2020) estimates that an additional 640,000 18-24-year-olds could find themselves unemployed this year alone. This note summarises the evidence on the effects of youth unemployment on later outcomes, of father's unemployment on child outcomes, and the unequal effects of recessions on life chances. It then highlights what the literature suggests about how policymakers could buffer some of these negative consequences, and why this may save money in the long run