7,516 research outputs found
Dynamical Models for the Formation of Elephant Trunks in H II Regions
The formation of pillars of dense gas at the boundaries of H II Regions is
investigated with hydrodynamical numerical simulations including ionising
radiation from a point source. We show that shadowing of ionising radiation by
an inhomogeneous density field is capable of forming so-called elephant trunks
(pillars of dense gas as in e.g. M16) without the assistance of self-gravity,
or of ionisation front and cooling instabilities. A large simulation of a
density field containing randomly generated clumps of gas is shown to naturally
generate elephant trunks with certain clump configurations. These
configurations are simulated in isolation and analysed in detail to show the
formation mechanism and determine possible observational signatures. Pillars
formed by the shadowing mechanism are shown to have rather different velocity
profiles depending on the initial gas configuration, but asymmetries mean that
the profiles also vary significantly with perspective, limiting their ability
to discriminate between formation scenarios. Neutral and molecular gas cooling
are shown to have a strong effect on these results.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS. Minor revisions: typos corrected,
figures re-ordered to match published versio
U-duality in three and four dimensions
Using generalised geometry we study the action of U-duality acting in three
and four dimensions on the bosonic fields of eleven dimensional supergravity.
We compare the U-duality symmetry with the T-duality symmetry of double field
theory and see how the and SL(5) U-duality groups reduce
to the SO(2,2) and SO(3,3) T-duality symmetry groups of the type IIA theory. As
examples we dualise M2-branes, both black and extreme. We find that uncharged
black M2-branes become charged under U-duality, generalising the Harrison
transformation, while extreme M2-branes will become new extreme M2-branes. The
resulting tension and charges are quantised appropriately if we use the
discrete U-duality group .Comment: v1: 35 pages; v2: minor corrections in section 4.1.2, many references
added; v3: further discussion added on the conformal factor of the
generalised metric in section 2 and on the Wick-rotation used to construct
examples in section
On the Exponentials of Some Structured Matrices
In this note explicit algorithms for calculating the exponentials of
important structured 4 x 4 matrices are provided. These lead to closed form
formulae for these exponentials. The techniques rely on one particular Clifford
Algebra isomorphism and basic Lie theory. When used in conjunction with
structure preserving similarities, such as Givens rotations, these techniques
extend to dimensions bigger than four.Comment: 19 page
Playboy Enterprises, Inc., v. Netscape Communications Corp.: The Legal World\u27s First Step in Determining Trademark Infringement and Dilution in Banner Advertising on the Internet
Towards an Indigenous Leadership Paradigm for Dismantling Ableism
The purpose of this article is to propose an Indigenous leadership paradigm for dismantling ableism. I begin by defining ableism within the context of school leadership, then apply an Indigenous ontological and epistemological framework to strategies educational leaders can use to dismantle cultures of ableism within school communities
- …