Finite-Size Scaling Exponents in the Dicke Model

We consider the finite-size corrections in the Dicke model and determine the scaling exponents at the critical point for several quantities such as the ground state energy or the gap. Therefore, we use the Holstein-Primakoff representation of the angular momentum and introduce a nonlinear transformation to diagonalize the Hamiltonian in the normal phase. As already observed in several systems, these corrections turn out to be singular at the transition point and thus lead to nontrivial exponents. We show that for the atomic observables, these exponents are the same as in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, in agreement with numerical results. We also investigate the behavior of the order parameter related to the radiation mode and show that it is driven by the same scaling variable as the atomic one.Comment: 4 pages, published versio

Entanglement of a qubit coupled to a resonator in the adiabatic regime

We discuss the ground state entanglement of a bi-partite system, composed by a qubit strongly interacting with an oscillator mode, as a function of the coupling strenght, the transition frequency and the level asymmetry of the qubit. This is done in the adiabatic regime in which the time evolution of the qubit is much faster than the oscillator one. Within the adiabatic approximation, we obtain a complete characterization of the ground state properties of the system and of its entanglement content.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Numerical modeling of three-dimensional stratified tidal flow over Camarinal Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C12026, doi:10.1029/2011JC007093.The baroclinic response to barotropic tidal forcing in the Camarinal Sill area, within the Strait of Gibraltar, is investigated with a three-dimensional, fully nonlinear, nonhydrostatic numerical model. The aim of numerical efforts was the assessment of three-dimensional effects, which are potentially significant in the area because of rather irregular bottom topography, variable background stratification, and complex structure of barotropic tides. Model results reveal a complex baroclinic response under relatively moderate flood tidal currents, which includes the formation of internal hydraulic jumps upstream of the sill, internal cross waves close to the channel walls, and a plunging pycnocline at the lee side of the sill crest. These structures exhibit significant cross-channel spatial dependence and may appear to be aligned together across the channel. This fact makes their identification difficult from the surface pattern captured by remote sensing images. Under strong barotropic forcing (spring tides) the upstream hydraulic jumps are shifted to the lee side of Camarinal Sill, where a single internal hydraulic jump is formed. Significant first- and second-mode hydraulic jumps are also generated near smaller secondary sills in Tangier basin, thus extending the occurrence of intense water mixing and energy dissipation to other zones of the strait.This work is a contribution to the Spanishfunded National Project INGRES-2 (CTM2006-02326). Partial financial support from Acción Complementaria CTM2009-05810/E (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and project P08-RNM-3738 from Plan Andaluz de Investigación (Andalucia regional government) is acknowledged.2012-06-1

Nuclear halo and the coherent nuclear interaction

The unusual structure of Li11, the first halo nucleus found, is analyzed by the Preparata model of nuclear structure. By applying Coherent Nucleus Theory, we obtain an interaction potential for the halo-neutrons that rightly reproduces the fundamental state of the system.Comment: 9 pages Submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics E (IJMPE

Tubulin response to intense nanosecond-scale electric field in molecular dynamics simulation

Intense pulsed electric fields are known to act at the cell membrane level and are already being exploited in biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, it is not clear if electric pulses within biomedically-attainable parameters could directly influence intra-cellular components such as cytoskeletal proteins. If so, a molecular mechanism of action could be uncovered for therapeutic applications of such electric fields. To help clarify this question, we first identified that a tubulin heterodimer is a natural biological target for intense electric fields due to its exceptional electric properties and crucial roles played in cell division. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we then demonstrated that an intense - yet experimentally attainable - electric field of nanosecond duration can affect the bβ-tubulin’s C-terminus conformations and also influence local electrostatic properties at the GTPase as well as the binding sites of major tubulin drugs site. Our results suggest that intense nanosecond electric pulses could be used for physical modulation of microtubule dynamics. Since a nanosecond pulsed electric field can penetrate the tissues and cellular membranes due to its broadband spectrum, our results are also potentially significant for the development of new therapeutic protocols

Conditional mutualism emerges from a largely antagonistic species network

O correcto estadiamento do cancro do pulmão é importante porque as opções terapêuticas e o prognóstico variam significativamente com o estadio da doença. Este, tal como é feito para outros tumores sólidos, baseia-se no sistema TNM. A tomografia computorizada torácica é importante no estudo anatómico do tumor, da sua proximidade com estruturas locais e na invasão dos gânglios linfáticos hilares e mediastínicos. A tomografia por emissão de positrões fornece informação acerca da actividade funcional dos tecidos, tendo maiores sensibilidade e especificidade que a tomografia computorizada no estadiamento do mediastino. A avaliação clínica, que é composta pela história aprofundada e exame físico, continua a ser o melhor meio de predizer acerca de doença metastática. Se esta for negativa, estudos de imagem posteriores como a tomografia computorizada cerebral, cintigrama ósseo ou tomografia computorizada abdominal são desnecessários e a pesquisa de doença metastática está completa. Caso existam sinais ou sintomas de metastização, deverá ser iniciada uma sequência de exames de imagem, de acordo com aos dados obtidos na avaliação clínica. Uma grande variedade de exames invasivos está disponível para o estadiamento do cancro do pulmão. Cada um deles tem especificidades técnicas e de acuidade diagnóstica que os tornam mais ou menos apropriados consoante a localização da lesão. Assim, a comparação directa entre estes testes invasivos não é possível e o problema é definir qual dos procedimentos é mais útil em cada situação. O estadiamento molecular pode vir a ser um importante meio no estadiamento e estratificação prognóstica dos doentes com cancro do pulmão. No entanto ainda existem alguns problemas que têm limitado a aplicação deste conceito.The correctly staging of lung cancer is important because the treatment options and prognosis differ significantly with the stage of disease. This, as is done for other solid tumors, based on the TNM system. Chest TC imaging is important in the study of the anatomy of tumor, its proximity with local structures and the invasion of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Positron emission tomography provides information about the functional activity of tissues with greater sensitivity and specificity than chest CT in the staging of the mediastinum. The clinical evaluation, which is made by thorough history and physical examination, remains the best way to predict about metastatic disease. If this is negative, further imaging studies such as CT scan of the head, bone scan or abdominal CT scan are unnecessary and the search for metastatic disease is complete. If there are signs or symptoms of metastasis, should be initiated a series of imaging tests, according to data obtained in the clinical evaluation. A variety of invasive tests are available for the staging of lung cancer. Each of them has specific technical and diagnostic accuracy that makes them more or less appropriate depending on the location of the lesion. Thus, direct comparisons between these invasive tests are not possible and the problem is to define which procedures are most useful in each situation. Molecular staging may prove to be an important tool in the staging and prognostic stratification of patients with lung cancer. However, there are still some problems that have limited the application of the concept