25 research outputs found
Estimating Parasitism of Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs, \u3ci\u3eLeptinotarsa Decemlineata\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by \u3ci\u3eEdovum Puttleri\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
A computer simulation was used to evaluate methods for estimating parasitism of Colorado potato beetle egg mass populations by Edovum puttleri. The algorithm incorporated the specific attack behavior of E. puttleri, and a development time for parasitized egg masses of ca. 2.9 times that of healthy egg masses. Of the methods compared, a modification of Southwood\u27s graphical technique was found to be most accurate in relation to the true parasitism derived from the algorithm. A regression equation is presented to correct the error in this method at high levels of parasitism. A second simulation was used to test the accuracy of this correcter where in a jacknife procedure was used to generate a mean and variance for estimates of parasitism
Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists Do Not Disrupt Rodent Prepulse Inhibition: An Improved Side Effect Profile in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Current treatments for PD focus on dopaminergic therapies, including L-dopa and dopamine receptor agonists. However, these treatments induce neuropsychiatric side effects. Psychosis, characterized by delusions and hallucinations, is one of the most serious such side effects. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonism is a nondopaminergic treatment for PD with clinical and preclinical efficacy. The present studies assessed A2A antagonists SCH 412348 and istradefylline in rodent prepulse inhibition (PPI), a model of psychosis. Dopamine receptor agonists pramipexole (0.3–3 mg/kg), pergolide (0.3–3 mg/kg), and apomorphine (0.3–3 mg/kg) significantly disrupted PPI; ropinirole (1–30 mg/kg) had no effect; L-dopa (100–300 mg/kg) disrupted rat but not mouse PPI. SCH 412348 (0.3–3 mg/kg) did not disrupt rodent PPI; istradefylline (0.1–1 mg/kg) marginally disrupted mouse but not rat PPI. These results suggest that A2A antagonists, unlike dopamine agonists, have an improved neuropsychiatric side effect profile
Population Structure of the Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa among Street Trees in Washington D.C.
Funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.Bacterial leaf scorch, associated with the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, is a widely
established and problematic disease of landscape ornamentals in Washington D.C. A multilocus
sequence typing analysis was performed using 10 housekeeping loci for X. fastidiosa
strains in order to better understand the epidemiology of leaf scorch disease in this municipal
environment. Samples were collected from 7 different tree species located throughout
the District of Columbia, consisting of 101 samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic foliage
from 84 different trees. Five strains of the bacteria were identified. Consistent with
prior data, these strains were host specific, with only one strain associated with members of
the red oak family, one strain associated with American elm, one strain associated with
American sycamore, and two strains associated with mulberry. Strains found for asymptomatic
foliage were the same as strains from the symptomatic foliage on individual trees.
Cross transmission of the strains was not observed at sites with multiple species of infected
trees within an approx. 25 m radius of one another. X. fastidiosa strain specificity observed
for each genus of tree suggests a highly specialized host-pathogen relationship
Estimating Parasitism of Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs, \u3ci\u3eLeptinotarsa Decemlineata\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by \u3ci\u3eEdovum Puttleri\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
A computer simulation was used to evaluate methods for estimating parasitism of Colorado potato beetle egg mass populations by Edovum puttleri. The algorithm incorporated the specific attack behavior of E. puttleri, and a development time for parasitized egg masses of ca. 2.9 times that of healthy egg masses. Of the methods compared, a modification of Southwood\u27s graphical technique was found to be most accurate in relation to the true parasitism derived from the algorithm. A regression equation is presented to correct the error in this method at high levels of parasitism. A second simulation was used to test the accuracy of this correcter where in a jacknife procedure was used to generate a mean and variance for estimates of parasitism