68 research outputs found
Exploring Resilience Models in a Sample of Combat-Exposed Military Service Members and Veterans: A Comparison and Commentary
Background: The term resilience is applied in numerous ways in the mental health field, leading to different perspectives of what constitutes a resilient response and disparate findings regarding its prevalence following trauma.
Objective: illustrate the impact of various definitions on our understanding and prevalence of resilience, we compared various resilience definitions (absence of PTSD, absence of current mental health diagnosis, absence of generalized psychological distress, and an alternative trauma loadâresilience discrepancy model of the difference between actual and predicted distress given lifetime trauma exposure) within a combat-exposed military personnel and veteran sample.
Method: In this combat-trauma exposed sample (N = 849), of which approximately half were treatment seeking, rates of resilience were determined across all models, the kappa statistic was used to determine the concordance and strength of association across models, and t-tests examined the models in relation to a self-reported resilience measure.
Results: Prevalence rates were 43.7%, 30.7%, 87.4%, and 50.1% in each of the four models. Concordance analyses identified 25.7% (n = 218) considered resilient by all four models (kappa = .40, p \u3c .001). Correlations between models and self-reported resilience were strong, but did not fully overlap.
Conclusions:The discussion highlights theoretical considerations regarding the impact of various definitions and methodologies on resilience classifications, links current findings to a systems-based perspective, and ends with suggestions for future research approaches on resilience
Fall and Winter Food Habits of Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Iowa
The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a widely distributed native felid of North America but nearly disappeared from Iowa due to habitat loss and unregulated harvest that occurred during the century after European settlement. Bobcats are repopulating the state and are now relatively common in southern Iowa. This study was part of a research project to understand the ecology of the species in Iowa\u27s landscape so that conservation plans could be established. We determined food habits by the examination of stomach contents from 100 bobcat carcasses that were accidentally killed in traps, killed by automobiles, or radio-marked individuals found dead during 2002 to 2006 across southern Iowa. We found the remains of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in 60%, mice (Peromyscus spp.) and voles (Microtus spp.) in about 20%, and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in nearly 15% of the stomachs. Deer occurred more frequently in the diet of adult bobcats (17%), especially males, than it did in the diet of juveniles (3%) and the small quantity and type of remains suggested that it was often taken as carrion. Evidence of birds appeared in 2% of the stomachs. These results are very consistent with dietary studies elsewhere in the species range. All of the primary mammalian prey taken by bobcats are abundant and widely-distributed in the forest-grassland edge habitats in which bobcats were most commonly located, suggesting that prey availability will not be a limiting factor to bobcat populations in Iowa
Climate Action for Health: An Urgent Call from the Global Cardiovascular Community
The current and immediate past Presidents of the World Heart Federation are pleased to publish this invited editorial to demonstrate the organizationâs strong, ongoing commitment to addressing the impacts of air pollution on cardiovascular health and outline its strategy for action
Usefulness of ancillary findings on CT pulmonary angiograms that are negative for pulmonary embolism
Neurodiversity, Networks, and Narratives: Exploring Intimacy and Expressive Freedom in the Time of Covidâ19
The Narratives of Neurodiversity Network (NNN) is a neurodivergent academic, creative, and educator collective that came together with allies during the Covidâ19 pandemic to create a network centred around emerging narratives about neurodiversity and exploring new ways of learning and socialising. The network focuses on exploring the roles of written, spoken, and visual narratives across cultural locations about neuroâatypical experiences in generating improved agency and selfâadvocacy for those who have been subject to pathologization through neuroânormativity and intersecting oppression. During the last year, widening access to digital platforms has provided a space to explore these issues outside of traditional academic spaces. We run a monthly âSalon,â our mixedâmedia âreading, listening, and watchingâ group, in an effort to find positive representation within contemporary culture. Discussions have moved beyond mimesis and into a consideration of how narrative and storyworlds can question the supposed naturalness of certain ways of being in and perceiving the world. This article interrogates the networkâs core principles of nonhierarchical coâproduction, including the roles of creativity, community, identity, and emancipatory research which were animated by the new technoâsocial context. We consider the cultural lives of neurodiversity in the West and beyond, including ethical and aesthetic dimensions. We share a faith in the power of storytelling to inform new social identities for neurodivergent people and to inform scientific understandings of atypical cognition. In exploring this, we speak through a porous firstâperson plural narrator, to unsettle the idea that there is a hegemonic âweâ speaking on behalf of all neurodivergent people
Extremely Red Galaxies at z = 5-9 with MIRI and NIRSpec:Dusty Galaxies or Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei?
We study a new population of extremely red objects (EROs) recently discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) based on their NIRCam colors F277W â F444W > 1.5 mag. We find 37 EROs in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS) field with F444W < 28 mag and photometric redshifts between 5 < z < 7, with median z = 6.9 â 1.6 + 1.0 . Surprisingly, despite their red long-wavelength colors, these EROs have blue short-wavelength colors (F150W â F200W ⌠0 mag) indicative of bimodal spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a red, steep slope in the rest-frame optical, and a blue, flat slope in the rest-frame UV. Moreover, all these EROs are unresolved, point-like sources in all NIRCam bands. We analyze the SEDs of eight of them with MIRI and NIRSpec observations using stellar population models and active galactic nucleus (AGN) templates. We find that dusty galaxies or obscured AGNs provide similarly good SED fits but different stellar properties: massive and dusty, log M â / M â ⌠10 and A V âł 3 mag, or low mass and obscured, log M â / M â ⌠7.5 and A V ⌠0 mag, hosting an obscured quasi-stellar object (QSO). SED modeling does not favor either scenario, but their unresolved sizes are more suggestive of AGNs. If any EROs are confirmed to have log M â / M â âł 10.5, it would increase the pre-JWST number density at z > 7 by up to a factor âŒ60. Similarly, if they are QSOs with luminosities in the L bol > 1045-46 erg sâ1 range, their number would exceed that of bright blue QSOs by more than three orders of magnitude. Additional photometry at mid-infrared wavelengths will reveal the true nature of the red continuum emission in these EROs and will place this puzzling population in the right context of galaxy evolution.</p
CEERS Key Paper VII: Emission Line Ratios from NIRSpec and NIRCam Wide-Field Slitless Spectroscopy at z>2
We use James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera Wide Field Slitless
Spectroscopy (NIRCam WFSS) and Near-Infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) in the
Cosmic Evolution Early Release survey (CEERS) to measure rest-frame optical
emission-line of 155 galaxies at z>2. The blind NIRCam grism observations
include a sample of galaxies with bright emission lines that were not observed
on the NIRSpec masks. We study the changes of the Ha, [OIII]/Hb, and
[NeIII]/[OII] emission lines in terms of redshift by comparing to lower
redshift SDSS and CLEAR samples. We find a significant (>3) correlation
between [OIII]/Hb with redshift, while [NeIII]/[OII] has a marginal (2)
correlation with redshift. We compare [OIII]/Hb and [NeIII]/[OII] to stellar
mass and Hb SFR. We find that both emission-line ratios have a correlation with
Hb SFR and an anti-correlation with stellar mass across the redshifts 0<z<9.
Comparison with MAPPINGS~V models indicates that these trends are consistent
with lower metallicity and higher ionization in low-mass and high-SFR galaxies.
We additionally compare to IllustriousTNG predictions and find that they
effectively describe the highest [OIII]/Hb ratios observed in our sample,
without the need to invoke MAPPINGS models with significant shock ionizionation
components.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-Frame Near-Infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging
Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be
effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace
the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation
than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of {\it{JWST}}
CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and
characterization of stellar bars at based on rest-frame NIR F444W images
of high resolution (~1.3 kpc at z ~ 1-3). We identify stellar bars in these
images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study,
we present six examples of robustly identified bars at with spectroscopic
redshifts, including the two highest redshift bars at ~2.136 and 2.312
quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at ~
1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semi-major axes of ~2.9-4.3 kpc
and projected ellipticities of ~0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred
host galaxies have stellar masses ~ to
, star formation rates of ~ 21-295 yr, and
several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at ~1.1-2.3
demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations
where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that
if these bars at lookback times of 8-10 Gyr survive out to present epochs,
bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a
significant impact on some galaxies by z ~ 0.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for Publication in Astrophysical
Journal Letter
First Look at z > 1 Bars in the Rest-frame Near-infrared with JWST Early CEERS Imaging
Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (âŒ1.3 kpc at z ⌠1-3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ⌠2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ⌠1.1-2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of âŒ2.9-4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of âŒ0.41-0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses âŒ1 Ă 10 10 to 2 Ă 10 11 M â and star formation rates of âŒ21-295 M â yr â1, and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ⌠1.1-2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8-11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ⌠0.</p
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