Improved MPPT Methods for PV Array Under Patrially Shaded Condition

Under partially shaded conditions PV string exhibits complex output characteristics, i.e., the current-voltage curve (I-V) shows multiple current stairs whereas power –voltage (P-V) curves presents multiple voltage peaks. Therefore the use of conventional maximum power point tracking is not beneficial in the case of tracking accuracy or on tracking speed. This paper introduces two global MPPT methods one is search-skip-judge global MPPT(SSJ-GMMPT) and another is rapid global MPPT (R-GMPPT) methods. These two methods proposed helps to reduce searching voltage range based on study of I-V and P-V characteristics of P-V string. The real maximum power under any shading condition can be tracked by SSJ-GMPPT and therefore high accuracy and rapid tracking speed can be achieved without any additional circuits and sensors. The tracking speed of long string having huge PV modules can be improved by R-GMPPT methods which degrades more than 90% of tracking time that is required by conventional global searching method. Comparing these two propose method with other methods highlights that these proposed methods are good and powerful

Two Moving-Angled 1-Branes with Electric Fields in a Partially Compact Spacetime

In this article we consider two $m1$-branes at angle in the presence of the background electric fields, in a partially compact spacetime. The branes have motions along a common direction that is perpendicular to both of them. Using the boundary state formalism, we calculate their interaction amplitude. Some special cases of this interaction will be studied in detail.Comment: 10 pages, no figure, Late

Evaluation of the control of onchocerciasis through community-directed treatment with ivermectin (cdti) in selected villages of Jos east local government area, Plateau State

Community Directed mass ivermectin® treatment (CDTI) programme of the National Onchocerciasis control was evaluated in five randomly selected villages in Jos East Local Government Area by clinical and parasitologicalmethods. Oral interview using structured questionnaire was used to asses awareness and level of drug compliance. A total of 452 persons from the study area were selected by stratified random sampling for clinical and parasitological evaluation. An overall prevalence of 15.7% was observed using both clinical and parasitological assessment. Clinically, 30 (5.5%); 32 (5.9%); 4 (0.7%) and 3 (0.6%) persons were manifesting leopard skin, nodules, hanging groin and elephantiasis lesions respectively. Parasitological examination by skin biopsy revealed that only 2 (0.4%) persons were positive for microfilaria of Onchocerca volvolus, which is an indication of a decrease in active cases among the population. All the positive cases confessed non compliance with drug use. Generally there appears to be a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of Onchocerciasis in the study area compared to earlier report of 27.9% in the 1980’s. This could be attributed to efficacy of ivermectin and increased awareness among the general public of the need on compliance with the drug. Concerted and coordinated mass enlightenment should be sustained to eradicate the pockets of active cases to eliminate all possible sources of infection

New Form of the T-Duality Due to the Stability of a Compact Dimension

We study behaviors of a compact dimension and the $T$-duality, in the presence of the wrapped closed bosonic strings. When the closed strings interact and form another system of strings, the radius of compactification increases. This modifies the $T$-duality, which we call it as $T$-duality-like. Some effects of the $T$-duality-like will be studied.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, no figur

Noncommutative Decrumpling Inflation and Running of the Spectral Index

We present a new inflation model, known as noncommutative decrumpling inflation, in which space has noncommutative geometry with time variability of the number of spatial dimensions. Within the framework of noncommutative decrumpling inflation, we compute both the spectral index and its running. Our results show that the effects of both time variability of the number of spatial dimensions and noncommutative geometry on the spectral index and its running. Two classes of examples have been studied and comparisons made with the standard slow-roll formulae. We conclude that the effects of noncommutative geometry on the spectral index and its running are much smaller than the effects of time variability of spatial dimensions.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Int.J.Mod.Phys.