MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER-JET TRANSPORT PHENOMENON IN FIRE SERVICE

A model is developed that will allow the fireman to stand as far back as possible from a collapsing wall of a storey building while directing a water jet into a window of the burning building. The variables in the model are therefore, the initial angle (α) and the distance of the fireman from the wall (x). Data collected from Imo State Fire Service, Nigeria, were used in validating the model. The model gives 60o as an optimum initial water jet angle to the horizontal. With 60o as the initial angle, the optimum distance is dependent on the initial velocity of the gun. This can be applied in a burning storey building that is in the risk of collapsing anywhere in the world. The optimum distance from the wall must satisfy equation (10). The work enables the fireman to know a particular point to stand near the building with respect to initial velocity of water fountain and its initial tilt to the horizontal

Kinetic Modeling of Mango Fruit Ripening

In this work, three stages of mango ripening (mango ripening, ethylene inducement, rotting) are modelled kinetically. Data for mango ripening are obtained from internet, and are used to perform regression analysis of the kinetic models developed. It is seen that the results show linear relationship between concentrations and conversion for all the chemical components in all the models (fig. 1a, 2a, 3a). Also the results of the concentration-time relationship are highly non-linear (fig. 1b, 2b and 3b). The reciprocal of the reaction rates varies non-linearly with conversion: profile of ethylene inducement and rotting rise exponentially while that of mango ripening falls non-linearly. The result of this study will help those dealing with fruits in orchard during harvesting and post harvest handling

Kinetic Modeling of Mango Fruit Ripening

In this work, three stages of mango ripening (mango ripening, ethylene inducement, rotting) are modelled kinetically.  Data for mango ripening are obtained from internet, and are used to perform regression analysis of the kinetic models developed.  It is seen that the results show linear relationship between concentrations and conversion for all the chemical components in all the models (fig. 1a, 2a, 3a).  Also the results of the concentration-time relationship are highly non-linear (fig. 1b, 2b and 3b).  The reciprocal of the reaction rates varies non-linearly with conversion: profile of ethylene inducement and rotting rise exponentially while that of mango ripening falls non-linearly.  The result of this study will help those dealing with fruits in orchard during harvesting and post harvest handling. Keywords: mango fruit ripening, ethylene, kinetic modelling, maturing, rotting, stoichiometr

Microbial Population Dynamics and Composition in Crude Oil Contaminated Soils Treated with Microorganisms and Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum)

Crude oil pollution can cause alterations in the soil physico- chemical properties and microbial activities, with deleterious effects on soil productivity indices. Studies were conducted on a sandy loam soil contaminated with levels of crude oil, bioremediated with bacteria, fungi and guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 x 4 factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) in the screen house in the University of Port Harcourt. Results showed that all the treatments had significant (p<0.05) effects on microbial population, diversity and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Bacteria significantly (p<0.05) reduced TPH within 6 to 8 days. Bacillus Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Aermonnas and Pseaudomanas spp. were the dominant bacteria found in the soil whereas, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Blastomycetes and Saccharomyteces species were the dominant fungi isolates. Guinea grass was not effective in bioremediation when the crude oil was above 5% w/w level of contamination. Keywords: Crude oil, bioremediation, bacteria, fungi, soil fertility, petroleum hydrocarbon. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-16-01 Publication date: August 31st 201

Chemical Composition and Modeling of the Functions of Termitarium

The work was carried out in Fugro Consultants Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt. It was the identification, extraction and characterization of chemical compounds responsible for making termination. The results showed that termitarium contains 11.6 (g/kg) of TOM; 15.9 (mg/kg) of Magnesium, 11690 (mg/kg) of iron and 23.3 (mg/kg) of extractable chloride which are responsible for structural stability of termitarium. The result also revealed that increase of clay content enhances the structural stability of termitarium. % water absorbed Vs time(s) for control and termitarium, mean number of seedings Vs time (days) for control and termitarium, gave their R-square (correlation coefficient) as 0.9975, 0.9951, 0.9959, 09807 and 0.09995 respectivel

Modeling The Mechanism Of Carbon Capture And Sequestration (Ccs) In A System

Rate of carbon sequestration or annual uptake was modeled. Data from Mississippi Delta, ponderosa pine and black walnut, all in USA were used to validate the models. The co-relations of these models for these three sources of data were very high, suggesting that carbon sequestration is modelable and predictable provided that there is a perfect experimental method to capture and sequester the carbon compound with time. This work is a stepping stone to solving carbon capture and sequestration problem of our planet earth. Through a global engineering and technology it is feasible

Formative Development of a Culturally Appropriate Mammography Screening Campaign for Low-Income African-American Women.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to conduct a formative evaluation of messages and materials to inform the development of a promotional, health campaign designed to increase breast cancer screening awareness and utilization among low-income, uninsured African American women through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) in Savannah and Macon, Georgia (GA). A priority of CDC is to understand why women eligible for screening through the NBCCEDP do not participate in NBCCEDP screening services as well as to identify effective strategies for increasing enrollment among NBCCEDP-eligible women who have never received breast cancer screening. As such, eight focus groups were conducted with a sample of African American women (n=68) in two cities in GA. The participants in the focus groups were segmented by age (40-49 and 50-64) and mammography screening status. A thematic analysis of field notes was conducted to assess themes and patterns in the participants\u27 perception of the promotional, health campaign\u27s concepts, messages, and materials. The findings revealed common themes and identified several key issues to address in the refinement of campaign messages and materials, including the need to hear about breast cancer and the importance of screening from African American breast cancer survivors as well as to incorporate religious faith and family connectedness messages in materials. The study findings have implications for enhancing breast cancer prevention efforts in the African American community

Experimental and theoretical study on the corrosion inhibitor potential of quinazoline derivative for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Interaction of metal surfaces with organic molecules has a significant role in corrosion inhibition of metals and alloys. More clarification, from both experimental and computa­tional view is needed in describing the application of inhibitors for protection of metal surfaces. In this study, the surface adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of metol­azone, a quinazoline derivative, on mild steel in 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 M HCl solutions were investigated. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impe­dance spectroscopy techniques were used. The optimum inhibition efficiencies of 75, 82 and 83 % were found by these three techniques at the optimum inhibitor concentration of 500 mg/L and 303 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm adsorption of quinazoline derivative on the surface of the mild steel. Computational simulations were additionally used to give insights into the interaction between quinazoline inhibitor and mild steel surface. Thermodynamic parameters of mild steel corrosion showed that quinazoline derivative functions as an effective anti-corrosive agent that slows down corrosion process. Potentiodynamic polarization results revealed a mixed-type inhibitor, while the result of the adsorption study suggests that adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the physical adsorption mechanism and follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model

Calidad de la proteína y toxicidad de la semilla sin desgrasar de "azadirachta indica a. juss"

El tratamiento (30 min) en autoclave de semilla de neem, no extraída (AFK), bajó la proteína y el nivel de aminoácidos, y elevó los contenidos de grasa. La ganancia de peso en pollos alimentados con la dieta de referencia ofrecida como harina durante 35 días fue mayor que en los que comían dietas con 75, 150 o 225 gAFK/kg, o 75g/kg de la semilla en bruto (RFK), a causa del menor (salvo en la dieta RFK) consumo. El incremento de peso de los pollos fue más bajo con 225 g AFK. La ingestión de agua siguió la misma tendencia del consumo de alimento. La retención de sustancias nutritivas de la dieta de referencia, excepto carbohidratos, fue mejor. La metabolización de nutrientes declinó al aumentar los niveles de AFK. En las concentraciones de 150 y 225 g AFK, el rendimiento de la canal aumentó comparado con otras dietas; sólo la dieta con 225 g AFK inducía aumento de tamaño de los pulmones y riñones. El tamaño de hígado, sin embargo, aumentó bastante con AFK en todos los niveles de concentración dietética. La histología reveló hiperplasia de células Kupffer e hipertrofia de hepatocitos de los pollos alimentados con las dietas AFK. Las células renales tubulares de los pollos comiendo dietas de 150 o 225 g AFK/kg incrementaron de modo similar el tamaño y actividad secretora. Al contrario, se observó congestión vascular y hemorragias suaves en el hígado y riñones así como enteritis catarral con la dieta RFK. RFK indujo anemia, leucocitosis, aumento de la actividad de aspartato amino-transferasa y disminución del colesterol y triglí-ceridos del plasma. Sin embargo, no fueron encontradas diferencias de mortalidad de los pollos entre los grupos dietéticos