Studies on the germination of barley

I Studies on the Free Sugars of the Barley Grain. I. Historical Survey. J. Inst. Brew., 1952, 58, 270. || II Studies on the Free Sugars of the Barley Grain. II. Distribution of the Individual Sugar Fractions. J. Inst. Brew., 1952, 5§, 363. || Ill Studies on the Free Sugars of the Barley Grain. III. Changes in Sugar Content during Malting (with D. C. Travis and D.G. Wreay). J, Inst. Brew., 1953# 59# 154. || IV Studies on the Free Sugars of the Barley Grain. IV. Low-molecular Fructosans. J. Inst. Brew., 1953, 59, 462. || V Raffinose Metabolism in Germinating Barley. New Phytol., 1957, 56, 210. || VI Comparative Studies of Embryo and Endosperm (with H. McCorquodale). J. Inst. Brew.. 1958, 64, 112. || VII Cellulose Distribution in Barley (with J. P. Napier). J. Inst. Brew., 1959, 65, 188. || VIII Studies on the Free Sugars of the Barley Grain. V. Comparison of Sugars and Fructosans with those of other Cereals (with I. A. Preece). J. Inst. Brew., 1954, 60, 46. || IX Barley Carbohydrate Metabolism in Relation to Malting. Wallerstein Lab. Commun., I960, 25, 87. || X Lipid Metabolism in Germinating Barley. I. The Fats (with H. B. White). J. Inst. Brew., 1961, 67, 182. || XI Lipid Metabolism in Germinating Barley. II. Barley lipase (with H, B. White). J. Inst. Brew., 1962, 68, 487. || XII Water-soluble Carbohydrates of Seeds of the Gramineae (with H. McCorquodale). New Phytol., 1958, 57, 168. || XIII Trisaccharides of Lolium and Festuca (with H, McCorquodale). Nature, Lond., 1958, 182, 8.15 || XIV Hemicellulases of Bromus Seeds (with R. Sandie). New Phytol., 1961, 60, 117. || XV Effects of Gibberellic acid on Barley Endosperm (with A. S. Millar). J. Inst. Brew., 1962, 68, 522. || XVI Ultra-structure of Caryopses of the Gramineae. I. Aleurone and Central Endosperm of Bromus and Barley. (with C. S. Johnston and J. H. Duffus). J. Inst. Brew., 1964, JO, 505. || XVII Gibberellic Acid In the Germination of Barley (with J. H. Duffus and A. S. Millar). Proc. Eur. Brew. Conv. Brussels, 1965, 85. || XVIII Development of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Germinating Grain (with J. H, Duffus and C, S. Johnston). J. Inst. Brew.. 1964, JO, 521. || XIX The Embryo as an Activator of Gibberellic-acid-induced α-Amylase (with J. H. Duffus and D. J. L. Horsfall). J. Brew., 1966, 72, 36. || XX The Embryo of Barley in Relation to Endosperm Modification (with G. H. Palmer). J. Inst. Brew., 1966 (In press). || XXI On Barley. Trans, bot. Soc. Edinb., 1961, 39, 247. || XXII The Physiology of Malting. J. Inst. Brew., (in press)

Cardiac connexins Cx43 and Cx45: formation of diverse gap junction channels with diverse electrical properties

HeLa cells expressing rat connexin43 (Cx43) and/or mouse Cx45 were studied with the dual voltage-clamp technique. Different types of cell pairs were established and their gap junction properties determined, i.e. the dependence of the instantaneous and steady-state conductances (g j,inst, g j,ss) on the transjunctional voltage (V j) and the kinetics of inactivation of the gap junction current (I j). Pairs of singly transfected cells showed homogeneous behaviour at both V j polarities. Homotypic Cx43-Cx43 and Cx45-Cx45 cell pairs yielded distinct symmetrical functions g j,inst=f(V j) and g j,ss=f(V j). Heterotypic Cx43-Cx45 preparations exhibited asymmetric functions g j,inst=f(V j) and g j,ss=f(V j) suggesting that connexons Cx43 and Cx45 gate with positive and negative V j, respectively. Preparations containing a singly (Cx43 or Cx45) or doubly (Cx43/45) transfected cell showed quasi-homogeneous behaviour at one V j polarity and heterogeneous behaviour at the other polarity. The former yielded Boltzmann parameters intermediate between those of Cx43-Cx43, Cx45-Cx45 and Cx43-Cx45 preparations; the latter could not be explained by homotypic and heterotypic combinations of homomeric connexons. Each pair of doubly transfected cells (Cx43/Cx45) yielded unique functions g j,inst=f(V j) and g j,ss=f(V j). This can not be explained by combinations of homomeric connexons. We conclude that Cx43 and Cx45 form homomeric-homotypic, homomeric-heterotypic channels as well as heteromeric-homotypic and heteromeric-heterotypic channels. This has implications for the impulse propagation in specific areas of the hear