Foundations and scaffolding: exploring literature and practice to build a new curriculum framework for TU Dublin

The IMPACT project at TU Dublin has been informed in part by the outcomes of the Co-CREATE project in 2019-20. Co-CREATE was a Team Teaching Fellowship project to support and underpin the building of a quality curriculum framework for the new technological university. A number of IMPACT projects (for example, NorthStar) have continued the work started within the Co-CREATE project to make it sustainable and embedded within the university. We present findings from one element of the Co-CREATE project which has informed a range of initiatives in IMPACT. This is the review of literature and practice undertaken to underpin the Co-CREATE project. The review addresses student voice and agency in curriculum design, enhancing sustainability in curriculum design, and identifies the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in the development of new programmes and provision. Curriculum in higher education has been discussed in educational literature as a fluid and contested concept. It relates to product, often described as content and syllabus, but also process, socially and politically embedded with the potential for change in positive or less positive directions. We present our findings and insights, and the recommendations we have made to stakeholders in our institution. We reflect on the purposes of higher education in the 21st century, and consider the UN Sustainable Development Goals and how they relate to TU Dublin’s mission and vision. We consider the place of graduate attributes, innovation, global citizenship and the impact of new technologies. We report on the development of curriculum frameworks and design at other technological universities, and how our experiences might be more diverse than those of traditional universities. We consider the impact of “connected” approaches to curriculum in research-intensive universities, and how these might be translated to the technological university context. We conclude with recommendations arising from the review of literature and practice which underpinned further work in Co-CREATE, and which may also be of value to others commencing this kind of work or reviewing curricula

Évolution récente de la technique des jaugeages industriels aux moulinets dans les écoulements en charge

Current meters have been in use for flow gauging purposes for a very long time. They are subject of stringent requirements, especially when used as a check on hydraulic machine performance. The very principle of their operation, however, is a source of uncertainty, consisting as it does in the use of a current meter calibrated in calm water in a flume to measure discharge in turbulent flow in an enclosed space. Methods of use based on sound experience have managed to keep this margin of error within reasonab1y close limits. The increasingly wide range of use of these instruments and the wish to achieve greater accuracy have been followed by intensified research, which has centred around the two most important effects discovered in previous research, namely (i) an 'interference' effect between the current meters and their supports and (ii) the effect of flow turbulence. This research has now progressed so far that it should soon be possible to reduce these effects, for example by a careful reappraisal and choice among existing equipment. On the current meter data output side, improvements have been made to the impulse emission system and to velocity and discharge calculation methods. Technological progress has also been made with ball-bearing and propeller manufacture, with the result that it should now be possible to cut down considerably on calibration operations, which would be replaced by simple propeller geometry and bearing opposing torque checks. Finally, two gauging methods for convergent streamline flow are mentioned, which tend to improve measurement accuracy in this field and which have recently been compared

Le contrôle des galeries souterraines en charge par les mesures de fuite

Leakage flow measurements as a means of underground power tunnel control. Proper inspection procedures for hydro-electric power tunnels are an operational necessity, especially for plant operating under a high head where leaks are of vital importance. Though the determination of leakage flows is a fairly simple matter for an overall control procedure, the localisation of leaks, on the other hand, involves comparatively substantial measurement and operational requirements. The various measurement methods in current use are reviewed which, if subjected to a critical examination, enable an appropriate method for a given problem and the actual measurement conditions to be determined. Certain aspects of the control procedures are illustrated by actual examples. There are not yet enough results available for a correlation between leakage rates and geological ground features.Le contrôle des galeries alimentant les usines hydro-électriques est une nécessité d'exploitation, les fuites ayant une particulière importance lorsqu'il s'agit d'usines de haute chute. La détermination des fuites peut être effectuée dans des conditions relativement simples lorsqu'il s'agit d'un contrôle global ; leur localisation conduit à des sujétions de mesures et d'exploitation relativement importantes. Les différentes méthodes de mesures sont passées en revue. Leur examen critique permet de définir les conditions du choix de la méthode appropriée à chaque cas et les conditions des mesures elles-mêmes. L'exposé de quelques cas concrets met en lumière certains aspects des contrôles. Le nombre encore limité de résultats ne permet pas d'établir une corrélation entre l'importance des fuites et la nature géologique des terrains.Lugiez Fernand, Gabaudan J. Le contrôle des galeries souterraines en charge par les mesures de fuite. In: L'hydraulique souterraine. Compte rendu des sixièmes journées de l'hydraulique, Nancy, 28-30 juin 1960. Tome 2, 1961

Évolution de la méthode thermodynamique de détermination du rendement des machines hydrauliques

The principle of efficiency evaluation of a hydraulic machine by this method was described in La Houille Blanche (No. 4-5) by Wilm and Gampmas in 1954, in a form in which basic reasoning lines were taken from thermodynamics, especially so as to explain internal energy in terms of such measurable values as water pressure, temperature and physical properties. Enthalpy and entropy were both considered too unfamiliar to hydraulicians to be used at the time. The method has come into much more widespread use during the last twelve years, however, and heat engineers are becoming interested in it as a potential means of determing feed pump and boiler efficiency. This has made it necessary to produce a rather more general form of description of the method, and especially to feature the considered effects in the enthalpy/ entropy diagram. The expression for elementary enthalpy variation (1) integrated between the extreme points representing the machine inlet and outlet represents energy per unit mass given up (turbine) or received (pump). This integration brings forth the measurable quantities, i.e. pressure and temperature. Observing that the representative inlet and outlet points e and 8 can be replaced by points 1 and 2 on the same constant-enthalpy line, expression (5) is obtained. In practice, constant-enthalpy expansions at the inlet or outlet (performed on a small flow considered as a representative sample) are adjusted to simplify the measurements or to make them more accurate, depending on circumstances or the equipment available. Several alternatives are thus available ; in one, the water drawn off undergoes slight expansion, and both pressure and temperature diferences are measured ; in another, temperature equilibrium is achieved between inlet and outlet by making the water drawn off undergo carefully controlled partial expansion, and instead of measuring temperature difference, the point at which the temperatures are equal is determined ; in yet another alternative, the water drawn off can be expanded to outlet pressure, so that only the temperature difference measurement remains. In a theoretically perfect machine without losses, the difference in enthalpy between inlet and outlet is the reference value to which the previously calculated specific energy must be related in order to obtain the efficiency. This is calculated by integrating expression (5) from the truc inlet to a fictitious outlet on the same isentropic line, which yields expression (7). In practice, this integration can be calculated along the e isothermal without appreciable error. The practical expression for turbine efficiency is (11), in which energy is made to appear in terms of unit weight (head), and into which the velocity and gravity terms neglected in the initial reasoning are introduced. Use is also made of precalculated non-dimensional coefficients (1 - α1) and (1 - βc), which represent the enthalpy difference between the extreme pressures, respectively along the isothermal and isentropic lines passing through the entry point (e or 1) and with respect to a reference enthalpy difference (P8 - pc) u0, in which u0 is a reference density. The physical characteristics of water, i.e. compressibility, thermal expansion and specific heat come into the enthalpy difference calculations. The values willm and Campmas originally considered from old sources appear to be unchallenged to this day. They have received indirect confirmation by comparisons between the thermodynamic and more conventional methods, especially by the results of temperature measurement bridge calibrations by isenthalpic expansion. The calibration coefficient for these bridges remains constant from 2 °C to 20 °C, which can be considered to be a very favourable indication as to the reliability of the characteristics of the water used. Emphasis is laid on the homogeneity required for the data regarding the various physical characteristics of water. This homogeneity stems from the laws of thermodynamics ; it must in practice be complied with between coefficient α and specific heat values, in order that the physical characteristics of the water all have the same weight in the various alternative versions of the method. Until the last few years, the "partial expansion" variant was the one most frequently applied. The reason for this preference was that with this method, the temperature difference term can be dropped from the expression for efficiency, and there had also been some doubt as to the possibility of measuring temperature differences sufficiently accurately. People have now become accustomed to reasoning along thermodynamics lines, however, and platinum temperature measurement bridges can be considered sufficiently reliable for differential measurement not just to eletect equal temperatures. This reliability has been confirmed by the results of numerous calibrations. This enables the most general form of the method-without expansion-to be applied, which does not need any heat input to the equipment (such as certain recently proeluced "incorporated" pressure reducers) and thus makes for more rapid, reliable measurement. Because of its general character, this variant is not affected by any of the limitations applicable to the "partial expansion" method, for instance when used on pumps. When compared, results of both above variants are not found to differ to any significant degree. Some general features of data obtained by the thermodynamic method are discussed. Eighteen comparisons between this and more conventional methods generally show differences mostly not exceeding ± 1 %. Four of these results are particularly instructive ; they refer to comparisons with laboratory methods, and the differences are found to be 0.2 %. The closeness of the results is shown up by a set of 74 "point" efficiency measurements on the same turbine over a period of three years. Standard deviation for the scatter in the points with respect to the mean efficiency curve is equivalent to a practical temperature difference of 1/1,000 °C. Electricité de France have been systematically using the thermodynamic method since its development in 1954 in acceptance-testing hydraulic machines, and in investigating operating problems, for example the effect of wear on machine efficiency. The number of complete acceptance tests done by the thermodynamic method has been 700 out of a total 1,100. Progress in differential temperature instrument design should enable the variant without expansion to be used as current practice and slightly more accurate efficiency data obtained than has been possible so far

Digestibilité des protéines et disponibilité des acides aminés de quelques matières premières chez le bar (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Protein digestibility of soyabean meal, casein-gelatin mixture and fish hydrolysate was tested in the European sea bass, using increasing substitution levels in a reference diet. The protein digestibility of the latter composed of Norwegian fish meal had already been established (91 %). An accurate estimation of the apparent digestibility coefficient was made by linear regression, for the casein-gelatin mixture and soyabean meal, but not for fish hydrolysate (non significant correlation, p > 0.05). Protein digestibility estimated by extrapolation varied with the substitution level. The estimations obtained with the highest level used for each ingredient were close to those obtained by linear regression. However they exhibited a high variability for soyabean meal and, to a lesser extent, for fish hydrolysate. The availability of individual amino acids was also investigated in each protein source. For some amino acids it was different from that of total nitrogen, suggesting that the availability of essential amino acids should be used for accurate feed formulation. Metabolic fecal nitrogen and amino acids were determined using a protein-free diet, in order to estimate true availabilities. These coefficients were not significantly different from apparent availability coefficients

Tuberculosis control in refugee settlements

Tuberculosis and its management in refugees and other displaced persons in temporary settlements poses a challenge to organisations coordinating and providing care in refugee emergencies. This paper offers a consensus of the co-sponsoring agencies on practical recommendations for implementing measures aimed at both interrupting transmission of tuberculosis and treatment of individual patients. © 1989