The Combined Influence of Oral Contraceptives and Human Papillomavirus Virus on Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The vast majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) will occur in those with fair complexion, tendency to burn, and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Organ transplant recipients also are an important population at great risk for CSCC. An association has been reported between oral contraceptive (OC) use, human papillomavirus virus (HPV) and cervical cancer, and there could be a similar association for CSCC. The cutaneous HPV β-E6 protein, a close cousin of the transformative E6 protein underlying anogenital cancers, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in response to UVR damage and stimulate morphologic transformation in rodent fibroblast cell lines. Furthermore, OC use has been shown to enhance HPV transcription and may contribute to CSCC risk through this pathway

Consistency checking scenario-based specifications of dynamic systems by combining simulation and synthesis

Modern technical systems often consist of multiple components that must fulfill complex functions in diverse and sometimes safety-critical situations. Precisely specifying the behavioral requirements for such systems is a challenge, especially because there may be inconsistent requirements in possibly unforeseen component configurations. We propose a scenario-based specification approach based on Modal Sequence Diagrams and a novel technique for finding inconsistencies in such specification based on a combination of simulation and synthesis techniques. The simulation via the play-out algorithm can be used to analyze the scenario requirements in large and dynamic systems. Play-out, however, may run into avoidable violations, so that the engineer cannot assume the specification's inconsistency nor its consistency. We thus propose to check specification parts for static component configurations via synthesis. Then, if the part specifications are consistent, the resulting controllers can guide the play-out for the complete specification, avoiding more avoidable violations in the next simulation run