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Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Melissa officinalis in mice

Melissa officinalis (L.) (Lamiaceae), a plant known as the lemon balm, is native to the east Mediterranean region and west Asia. Also found in tropical countries, such as Brazil, where it is popularly known as “erva-cidreira” or “melissa”, it is widely used in aqueous- or alcoholic-extract form in the treatment of various disorders. The aim was to investigate in vivo its antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity, as well as its genotoxic/mutagenic potential through comet and micronucleus assaying. CF-1 male mice were treated with ethanolic (Mo-EE) (250 or 500 mg/kg) or aqueous (Mo-AE) (100 mg/kg) solutions of an M. officinalis extract for 2 weeks, prior to treatment with saline or Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) doses by intraperitoneal injection. Irrespective of the doses, no genotoxic or mutagenic effects were observed in blood and bone-marrow samples. Although Mo-EE exerted an antigenotoxic effect on the blood cells of mice treated with the alkylating agent (MMS) in all the doses, this was not so with Mo-AE. Micronucleus testing revealed the protector effect of Mo-EE, but only when administered at the highest dose. The implication that an ethanolic extract of M. officinalis has antigenotoxic/antimutagenic properties is an indication of its medicinal relevance

On possibilities of the practical implementation of balance-based adaptive control methodology

This paper deals with two approaches to the practical implementation of the Balance-Based Adaptive Controller(B-BAC): the low-level PLC-based approach of the explicit form of the B-BAC and the high-level PC-based one in the form of the general "virtual controller". In both cases, we discuss the details of meeting the general requirements of a particular practical implementation. We also consider the implementation aspects that are independent of the implementation, such as development of the front panel, saturation of a manipulated variable, on-line measurement and data acquisition, implementation of the on-line estimation procedure, bumpless switching between the automatic and manual mode, etc. Additionally, we present how to derive both the general form and the final explicit form of the B-BAC on the example of a biotechnological process and how to apply these forms in the particular practical implementation

Application of the simple additive modeling of the first principle model inaccuracies for the offset–free process control

In this paper, the method for simple additive modeling of the first principle model inaccuracies for the offset-free process control is presented. Starting from transformation of the general nonlinear state model into the input affine dynamical equation describing directly the controlled variable, it is shown how to compensate for the potential modeling inaccuracies by lumping them into a single additive parameter. Its on-line estimation procedure based only on the measurement data collected from the process is very simple and effective and the estimate converges without any additional excitation of the process. The discussion on how to apply the suggested model as a basis for the chosen model-based control techniques is presented, and for the processes of the higher relative order, the practical simplification of this approach is shown. The experimental results show the practical applicability of the considered approach for the synthesis of the open loop InternalModel Controller (IMC) and of the Balance-Based Adaptive Controller (B-BAC)

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