524 research outputs found
On the Heterotic World-sheet Instanton Superpotential and its individual Contributions
For supersymmetric heterotic string compactifications on a Calabi-Yau
threefold endowed with a vector bundle the world-sheet superpotential
is a sum of contributions from isolated rational curves \C in ; the
individual contribution is given by an exponential in the K\"ahler class of the
curve times a prefactor given essentially by the Pfaffian which depends on the
moduli of and the complex structure moduli of . Solutions of (or
even of ) can arise either by nontrivial cancellations between the
individual terms in the summation over all contributing curves or because each
of these terms is zero already individually. Concerning the latter case
conditions on the moduli making a single Pfaffian vanish (for special moduli
values) have been investigated. However, even if corresponding moduli -
fulfilling these constraints - for the individual contribution of one curve are
known it is not at all clear whether {\em one} choice of moduli exists which
fulfills the corresponding constraints {\em for all contributing curves
simultaneously}. Clearly this will in general happen only if the conditions on
the 'individual zeroes' had already a conceptual origin which allows them to
fit together consistently. We show that this happens for a class of cases. In
the special case of spectral cover bundles we show that a relevant solution set
has an interesting location in moduli space and is related to transitions which
change the generation number.Comment: 47 page
Superpotentials for M-theory on a G_2 holonomy manifold and Triality symmetry
For -theory on the holonomy manifold given by the cone on {\bf
S^3}\x {\bf S^3} we consider the superpotential generated by membrane
instantons and study its transformations properties, especially under monodromy
transformations and triality symmetry. We find that the latter symmetry is,
essentially, even a symmetry of the superpotential. As in Seiberg/Witten
theory, where a flat bundle given by the periods of an universal elliptic curve
over the -plane occurs, here a flat bundle related to the Heisenberg group
appears and the relevant universal object over the moduli space is related to
hyperbolic geometry.Comment: 58 pages, latex; references adde
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Subtropical westerly jet influence on occurrence of western disturbances and Tibetan plateau vortices
Western disturbances (WDs) are mid-to-upper-tropospheric mesoscale vortices, which typically propagate along the subtropical westerly jet stream and bring heavy rainfall to Pakistan and northern India during boreal winter. They are dynamically similar to Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs), which affect southwest China during spring and summer and emanate from the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we propose that their similarity implies the existence of a more general group of upper-tropospheric vortices featuring interactions with the orography of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau region. Using existing track databases for WDs and TPVs derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis, we show that their respective occurrence frequencies are highly anticorrelated with each other through the seasonal cycle, yet both are strongly correlated with jet latitude. Our findings imply that the incidence of hazards due to WDs and TPVs is correlated on intra- and interannual timescales, particularly through upper-level baroclinicity
Enhanced performance by a hybrid NIRS–EEG brain computer interface
Noninvasive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) have been promoted to be used for neuroprosthetics. However, reports on applications with electroencephalography (EEG) show a demand for a better accuracy and stability. Here we investigate whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to enhance the EEG approach. In our study both methods were applied simultaneously in a real-time Sensory Motor Rhythm (SMR)-based BCI paradigm, involving executed movements as well as motor imagery. We tested how the classification of NIRS data can complement ongoing real-time EEG classification. Our results show that simultaneous measurements of NIRS and EEG can significantly improve the classification accuracy of motor imagery in over 90% of considered subjects and increases performance by 5% on average (p < 0:01). However, the long time delay of the hemodynamic response may hinder an overall increase of bit-rates. Furthermore we find that EEG and NIRS complement each other in terms of information content and are thus a viable multimodal imaging technique, suitable for BCI
Vector Bundle Moduli and Small Instanton Transitions
We give the general presciption for calculating the moduli of irreducible,
stable SU(n) holomorphic vector bundles with positive spectral covers over
elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds. Explicit results are presented for
Hirzebruch base surfaces B=F_r. The transition moduli that are produced by
chirality changing small instanton phase transitions are defined and
specifically enumerated. The origin of these moduli, as the deformations of the
spectral cover restricted to the ``lift'' of the horizontal curve of the
M5-brane, is discussed. We present an alternative description of the transition
moduli as the sections of rank n holomorphic vector bundles over the M5-brane
curve and give explicit examples. Vector bundle moduli appear as gauge singlet
scalar fields in the effective low-energy actions of heterotic superstrings and
heterotic M-theory.Comment: 52 pages, LATEX, corrected typo
G_2 Domain Walls in M-theory
M-theory is considered in its low-energy limit on a G_2 manifold with
non-vanishing flux. Using the Killing spinor equations for linear flux, an
explicit set of first-order bosonic equations for supersymmetric solutions is
found. These solutions describe a warped product of a domain wall in
four-dimensional space-time and a deformed G_2 manifold. It is shown how these
domain walls arise from the perspective of the associated four-dimensional N=1
effective supergravity theories. We also discuss the inclusion of membrane and
M5-brane sources.Comment: 30 pages, Late
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A 12-year high-resolution climatology of atmospheric water transport over the Tibetan plateau
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a key role in the water cycle of high Asia and its downstream regions. The respective influence of the Indian and East Asian summer monsoon on TP precipitation and regional water resources, together with the detection of moisture transport pathways and source regions are the subject of recent research. In this study, we present a 12-year high-resolution climatology of the atmospheric water transport (AWT) over and towards the TP using a new data set, the High Asia Refined analysis (HAR), which better represents the complex topography of the TP and surrounding high mountain ranges than coarse-resolution data sets. We focus on spatiotemporal patterns, vertical distribution and transport through the TP boundaries. The results show that the mid-latitude westerlies have a higher share in summertime AWT over the TP than assumed so far. Water vapour (WV) transport constitutes the main part, whereby transport of water as cloud particles (CP) also plays a role in winter in the Karakoram and western Himalayan regions. High mountain valleys in the Himalayas facilitate AWT from the south, whereas the high mountain regions inhibit AWT to a large extent and limit the influence of the Indian summer monsoon. No transport from the East Asian monsoon to the TP could be detected. Our results show that 36.8 ± 6.3% of the atmospheric moisture needed for precipitation comes from outside the TP, while the remaining 63.2% is provided by local moisture recycling
Supersymmetry of Noncompact MQCD-like Membrane Instantons and Heat Kernel Asymptotics
We perform a heat kernel asymptotics analysis of the nonperturbative
superpotential obtained from wrapping of an M2-brane around a supersymmetric
noncompact three-fold embedded in a (noncompact) G_2-manifold as obtained in
[1], the three-fold being the one relevant to domain walls in Witten's MQCD
[2], in the limit of small "zeta", a complex constant that appears in the
Riemann surfaces relevant to defining the boundary conditions for the domain
wall in MQCD. The MQCD-like configuration is interpretable, for small but
non-zero zeta as a noncompact/"large" open membrane instanton, and for
vanishing zeta, as the type IIA D0-brane (for vanishing M-theory cicle radius).
We find that the eta-function Seeley de-Witt coefficients vanish, and we get a
perfect match between the zeta-function Seeley de-Witt coefficients (up to
terms quadratic in zeta) between the Dirac-type operator and one of the two
Laplace-type operators figuring in the superpotential. This is an extremely
strong signature of residual supersymmetry for the nonperturbative
configurations in M-theory considered in this work.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX; v3: several clarifying remarks added, to appear in
JHE
Systematics of Moduli Stabilization, Inflationary Dynamics and Power Spectrum
We study the scalar sector of type IIB superstring theory compactified on
Calabi-Yau orientifolds as a place to find a mechanism of inflation in the
early universe. In the large volume limit, one can stabilize the moduli in
stages using perturbative method. We relate the systematics of moduli
stabilization with methods to reduce the number of possible inflatons, which in
turn lead to a simpler inflation analysis. Calculating the order-of-magnitude
of terms in the equation of motion, we show that the methods are in fact valid.
We then give the examples where these methods are used in the literature. We
also show that there are effects of non-inflaton scalar fields on the scalar
power spectrum. For one of the two methods, these effects can be observed with
the current precision in experiments, while for the other method, the effects
might never be observable.Comment: 20 pages, JHEP style; v.2 and v.3: typos fixed, discussion and
references adde
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