Comparison of free fatty acid concentrations from the action of Pseudomonas fluorescens and milk lipases on butteroil

The purpose of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles of P. fluorescens 32A and 22F and milk lipases by hydrolysis of butteroil. The lipases were extracted from the microorganisms and from milk and were purified. Fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography. Mean concentrations of fatty acids from all enzyme sources were significantly higher for 32A lipase at p ≤ 05. Milk lipase yielded mean fatty acid concentrations that were significantly different from 22F and the control. The mean fatty acid concentrations from the combined data for all enzyme sources, pH values and replications showed that butyric (C4), myristic (C14), palmitic (C16), stearic (C18), and oleic (C18:1) acids were present in the largest concentrations when compared to total fatty acids released. The lipase from 32A released more butyric (C4), caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), capric (C10), and oleic (C18:1) acids at pH 6.5 than at pH 8.8. It also released more fatty acids than any other lipase at either pH. Few differences were found among the other lipases. Based on this research the lipase from 32A could have a significant effect on the quality and shelf life of milk and milk products since it released both short chain fatty acids which affect flavor and long chain fatty acids which affect acid degree values

Increasing Generalization of Staff Interactions Through Posted Group Feedback, Individual Feedback, and Social Praise

46 leaves. Advisor: Dr. Mary Ann PowersThe problem. Staff in institutions have been trained to interact appropriately with residents during free time through feedback on their performance, but the feedback effects have not been found to generalize outside the training session. The present study sought to increase the generalization of appropriate staff-resident interactions outside the training session. Procedure. Time-sample observations of staff-resident interactions were made twice each day in a large day hall in a state institution for the retarded, during a one-hour session and a 30-min. generalization check. The data collected were the percent of time-samples staff interacted appropriately and the percent of time-samples staff interacted with different residents. Following baseline posted group feedback and individual feedback and praise were given at the end of the session first on the percent of time-samples staff interacted appropriately and then on both this percentage and the percent of time-samples staff interacted with different residents. After a reversal to baseline the session was extended to three hours, and the presence of the observer was changed from continuous to intermittent. Feedback on both percentages was re-implemented following a short baseline. Findings. The feedback procedure was effective in producing a large increase in appropriate staff-resident interactions in the one-hour session and a moderate increase in the three-hour session. Increasing the behavior of the staff in the session did not result in a concomitant increase during the generalization checks. Conclusions. The failure of the behavior change to generalize outside the session limits the usefulness of feedback as a practical means of training staff. However, use of the procedure in a spot-check fashion should provide for increased staff behavior throughout the day with a minimum of cost in terms of time spent monitoring

Advanced Thermal Control & Systems Design Enable Long Duration, Continuous Lunar Surface Operation of Robotic Science Landers and Payloads

No abstract availabl

Geophysics

Contains reports on three research projects

Geophysics

Contains research objectives and reports on three research projects

Irreducible characters of GSp(4, q) and dimensions of spaces of fixed vectors

In this paper, we compute the conjugacy classes and the list of irreducible characters of GSp(4,q), where q is odd. We also determine precisely which irreducible characters are non-cuspidal and which are generic. These characters are then used to compute dimensions of certain subspaces of fixed vectors of smooth admissible non-supercuspidal representations of GSp(4,F), where F is a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero with residue field of order q.Comment: 48 pages, 21 tables. Corrected an error in Table 16 for type V* representations (theta_11 and theta_12 were switched

A strap-on monitoring system for rail car applications

A joint Sandia National Laboratories, University of New Mexico, and New Mexico Engineering Research Institute project to investigate an architecture implementing real-time monitoring and tracking technologies in the railroad industry is presented. The work examines a strap-on sensor package, designed as a value-added component, integrated into existing industry systems and standards. As applied to freight trains, the sensors` primary purpose is to minimize operating costs by decreasing losses due to theft, and by reducing the number, severity, and a consequence of hazardous materials incidents. Product requirements are based on a cost-benefit analysis of operating losses. Results of a concept validation experiment conducted on a revenue generating train are reported

Extreme magnesium isotope fractionation at outcrop scale records the mechanism and rate at which reaction fronts advance

Isotopic fractionation of cationic species during diffusive transport provides novel means of constraining the style and timing of metamorphic transformations. Here we document a major (~1‰) decrease in the Mg isotopic composition of the reaction front of an exhumed contact between rocks of subducted crust and serpentinite, in the Syros mélange zone. This isotopic perturbation extends over a notable length-scale (~1 m), implicating diffusion of Mg through an intergranular fluid network over a period of ~100 kyr. These novel observations confirm models of diffusion-controlled growth of reaction zones formed between rocks of contrasting compositions, such as found at the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones. The results also demonstrate that diffusive processes can result in exotic stable isotope compositions of major elements with implications for mantle xenoliths and complex intrusions