An Epidemiological Situation of an Animal Brucellosis in Mongolia

Brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella spp., infects domestic and wild animals worldwide, as well as humans who have contact with infected animals or contaminated dairy products. In present-day epidemiological situation in Mongolia is not quiet, especially, zoonoses such us brucellosis have been broadly spreaded.Recently, we developed agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test with polysaccharide (Poly-B) antigen and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) using soluble antigen extracted from B. abortus 544 by n-lauroylsarcosine (sarcosine extracts) and these tests could be used to differentiate naturally infected animals from vaccinated and Y. enterocolitica O9-infected ones; this assay simply and specifically diagnoses brucellosis. To validate the method in the field and to test the effectiveness of the vaccination program in Mongolia, a serological survey of brucellosis in nomadic animal husbandry in Mongolia was performed in 2010 and 2011. In this study had been determined an animal brucellosis prevalence in Arkhangai and Khovd aimag. The result showed that 1.25% and 0.4% of cattle and 0.04 % and 0.01% of small ruminants were positive for brucellosis in Arkhangai and Khovd aimag respectively.These results showed that B.abortus 159 N5R can be used as an alternative vaccine against bovine brucellosis

An epidemiological situation of an animal brucellosis in Mongolia

Brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella spp., infects domestic and wild animals worldwide, as well as humans who have contact with infected animals or contaminated dairy products. In present-day epidemiological situation in Mongolia is not quiet, especially, zoonoses such us brucellosis have been broadly spreaded. Recently, we developed agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test with polysaccharide (Poly-B) antigen and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) using soluble antigen extracted from B. abortus 544 by n-lauroylsarcosine (sarcosine extracts) and these tests could be used to differentiate naturally infected animals from vaccinated and Y. enterocolitica O9-infected ones; this assay simply and specifically diagnoses brucellosis. To validate the method in the field and to test the effectiveness of the vaccination program in Mongolia, a serological survey of brucellosis in nomadic animal husbandry in Mongolia was performed in 2010 and 2011. In this study had been determined an animal brucellosis prevalence in Arkhangai and Khovd aimag. The result showed that 1.25% and 0.4% of cattle and 0.04 % and 0.01% of small ruminants were positive for brucellosis in Arkhangai and Khovd aimag respectively. These results showed that B.abortus 159 N5R can be used as an alternative vaccine against bovine brucellosis

Linking coarse silt production in Asian sand deserts and Quaternary accretion of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is a large, spatially well defined and persistent zone of loess accumulation developed near the fluctuating northwest margin of the East Asian monsoon. Many studies have analyzed its loess sediments to provide insights into paleoclimatic conditions. Although spatial and temporal variations in the grain sizes of CLP sediments are fundamental to this effort, controversy over the origin of the dominant coarse quartz silt has limited interpretations. Reexamination of the spatial pattern of grain-size distribution across the CLP and a field-scale experiment conducted in the Gobi Desert revealed a genetic association between the coarse silt fraction of the loess and primary production of coarse silt through eolian abrasion of sand in the proximal Mu-Us, Tengger, and Badain Jaran sandy deserts. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of eolian abrasion of quartz sand in primary coarse silt production in Central Asia and identify this process as the most consistent with the wellrecognized systematic northwest-southeast depositional pattern of the CLP. We suggest that only abraded coarse quartz grains transported short distances by long-term persistent eolian activity can build up thick loess sequences to form a massive and spatially well defined loess plateau. These results decouple the production and transport of coarse silt and finer silt and clay particles, which have a more distant and wider provenance, changing the constraints on previous paleoclimatic reconstructions. © 2013 Geological Society of America

Linking coarse silt production in asian sand deserts and quaternary accretion of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is a large, spatially well defined and persistent zone of loess accumulation developed near the fluctuating northwest margin of the East Asian monsoon. Many studies have analyzed its loess sediments to provide insights into paleoclimatic conditions. Although spatial and temporal variations in the grain sizes of CLP sediments are fundamental to this effort, controversy over the origin of the dominant coarse quartz silt has limited interpretations. Reexamination of the spatial pattern of grain-size distribution across the CLP and a field-scale experiment conducted in the Gobi Desert revealed a genetic association between the coarse silt fraction of the loess and primary production of coarse silt through eolian abrasion of sand in the proximal Mu-Us, Tengger, and Badain Jaran sandy deserts. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of eolian abrasion of quartz sand in primary coarse silt production in Central Asia and identify this process as the most consistent with the well-recognized systematic northwest-southeast depositional pattern of the CLP. We suggest that only abraded coarse quartz grains transported short distances by long-term persistent eolian activity can build up thick loess sequences to form a massive and spatially well defined loess plateau. These results decouple the production and transport of coarse silt and finer silt and clay particles, which have a more distant and wider provenance, changing the constraints on previous paleoclimatic reconstructions.</p