668 research outputs found
Interregional Air Pollutant Transport: The Linearity Question
This report contains extended abstracts from an international meeting held in Budapest, Hungary. Its main subject is the question of proportionality and linearity between emissions and deposition/airborne concentration of air pollutants including sulfur, nitrogen, oxidants, and acidity. Session topics (which serve here as section headings) included analysis of measurements, ammonia and its implications for linearity, modeling with emphasis on chemistry, simplified approaches to the linearity issue, and results from long-range transport models. Linearity was found to be strongly dependent on the distance between emitters and receptors, the averaging time of pollutants, and the form of deposition
Application of Nanostructures and Metamaterials in Accelerator Physics
Carbon-based nanostructures and metamaterials offer extraordinary mechanical and opto-electrical properties, which make them suitable for applications in diverse fields, including, for example, bioscience, energy technology and quantum computing. In the latest years, important R&D efforts have been made to investigate the potential use of graphene and carbon-nanotube (CNT) based structures to manipulate and accelerate particle beams. In the same way, the special interaction of graphene and CNTs with charged particles and electromagnetic radiation might open interesting possibilities for the design of compact coherent radiation sources, and novel beam diagnostics techniques as well. This paper gives an overview of novel concepts based on nanostructures and metamaterials with potential application in the field of accelerator physics. Several examples are shown and future prospects discussed
Design and operation of a prototype interaction point beam collision feedback system for the International Linear Collider
A high-resolution, intratrain position feedback system has been developed to
achieve and maintain collisions at the proposed future electron-positron
International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype has been commissioned and
tested with a beam in the extraction line of the Accelerator Test Facility at
the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization in Japan. It consists of a
stripline beam position monitor (BPM) with analogue signal-processing
electronics, a custom digital board to perform the feedback calculation, and a
stripline kicker driven by a high-current amplifier. The closed-loop feedback
latency is 148 ns. For a three-bunch train with 154 ns bunch spacing, the
feedback system has been used to stabilize the third bunch to 450 nm. The
kicker response is linear, and the feedback performance is maintained, over a
correction range of over 60 {\mu}m. The propagation of the correction has
been confirmed by using an independent stripline BPM located downstream of the
feedback system. The system has been demonstrated to meet the BPM resolution,
beam kick, and latency requirements for the ILC
Phenomenological description of the gamma* p cross section at low Q2
Low Q2 photon-proton cross sections are analysed using a simple,
QCD-motivated parametrisation ,
which gives a good description of the data. The Q2 dependence of the gamma* p
cross section is discussed in terms of the partonic transverse momenta of the
hadronic state the photon fluctuates into.Comment: 14 pages, revtex, epsfig, 2 figure
Machine learning-based analysis of experimental electron beams and gamma energy distributions
The photon flux resulting from high-energy electron beam interactions with
high field systems, such as in the upcoming FACET-II experiments at SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, may give deep insight into the electron beam's
underlying dynamics at the interaction point. Extraction of this information is
an intricate process, however. To demonstrate how to approach this challenge
with modern methods, this paper utilizes data from simulated plasma wakefield
acceleration-derived betatron radiation experiments and high-field
laser-electron-based radiation production to determine reliable methods of
reconstructing key beam and interaction properties. For these measurements,
recovering the emitted 200 keV to 10 GeV photon energy spectra from two
advanced spectrometers now being commissioned requires testing multiple methods
to finalize a pipeline from their responses to incident electron beam
information. In each case, we compare the performance of: neural networks,
which detect patterns between data sets through repeated training; maximum
likelihood estimation (MLE), a statistical technique used to determine unknown
parameters from the distribution of observed data; and a hybrid approach
combining the two. Further, in the case of photons with energies above 30 MeV,
we also examine the efficacy of QR decomposition, a matrix decomposition
method. The betatron radiation and the high-energy photon cases demonstrate the
effectiveness of a hybrid ML-MLE approach, while the high-field electrodynamics
interaction and the low-energy photon cases showcased the machine learning (ML)
model's efficiency in the presence of noise. As such, while there is utility in
all the methods, the ML-MLE hybrid approach proves to be the most
generalizable.Comment: 23 pages, 30 figure
EFFECT OF CSR SHIELDING IN THE COMPACT LINEAR COLLIDER
Abstract The Drive Beam complex of the Compact Linear Collider must use short bunches with a large charge making beam transport susceptible to unwanted effects of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation emitted in the dipole magnets. We present the effects of transporting the beam within a limited aperture which decreases the magnitude of the CSR wake. The effect, known as CSR shielding, eases the design of key components of the facility
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE MODIFIED NOMARSKI INTERFEROMETER FOR MEASUREMENTS OF SUPERSONIC GAS JET DENSITY PROFILES
For supersonic gas jet based beam profile monitors such as that developed for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) upgrade, density profile is a key characteristic. Due to this, non-invasive diagnostics to study the jet's behaviour have been designed. A Nomarski interferometer was constructed to image jets 30 µm to 1 mm in diameter and study changes in their density. A microscope lens has been integrated into the original interferometer system to capture phase changes on a much smaller scale than previous experiments have achieved. This contribution presents the optimisation and results gained from this interferometer
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