Mass Spectra of Bicyclo[2.2.1 ]-2-heptanols

The fragmentation of bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanol, endo- (I) and exo- (Ia), 1-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanol, endo- (II) and exo( IIa) and 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanol, endo- (III) has been studied by employing the deuterium labelling technique. The results obtained indicate · that the existence of nonclassical carbonium ion is of no significant importance during the fragmentation of the molecular ion of these alcohols and that the dehydration of the molecular ion is stereospecific regarding the position of eliminated hydrogen

A Mass Spectral Study of Substituent Effects in Some Substituted N,N-Dimethyl-N\u27-Phenyl- and N\u27-Pyridyl-Formamidines

Several competing fragmentation reactions, initiating directly from the molecular ion, which are common to p- and m- substituted N,N-dimethyl-N\u27- phenyl-formamidine, were examined. IP, AP and daughter/parent ion ratio measurements were made to provide some insight into the substituent effects on reaction mechanisms. The results obtained were compared with those found for the compounds N,N-dimethyl-N\u27-pyridyl-4-formamidine and isomeric 3-formamidine. The substituent constant o/ for the nitrogen in the pyridine ring was determined

Mass Spectrometric Measurements of Xenon Fluorides

The mass spectrometric analyses o f xenon fluorides prepared by Slivnik et al.1 were carried out with a, modi faed Nier type mass spectrometer as described by Furman and Vrscaj2. The resolving power of the instrument was adjusted a·t about 200 which was sufficient for the present purpose

ANALISIS USAHA TERNAK BABI DI KECAMATAN SONDER KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ANALYSIS OF PIG FARMING IN SONDERDISTRICTMINAHASA REGENCY. Pigs are developed by the community in Minahasa Regency as a business that supports the livestock farmers' economy. The development of pig farming in this area was carried out in order to increase consumption of animal protein. The problem is that the development of pig farms is not continuous and there have not known factors that influence pork production. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing production factors that influence the production of pig farming in Sonder District, Minahasa Regency. Survey method was  used with direct observation in the field. Sources of data collected are primary and secondary data. Location samples and respondents were determined by using of Cluster Random Sampling metho. Data analysis was conducted by useing descriptive analysis. The results showed that pigs were sold in the form of seeds (starter period pigs) and pork per kg. The price of seeds is Rp. 900,000 per head and the price of pork is Rp. 60,000 per kg. Based on the study  results showed that the factors such as feed, labor and cage  simultaneously had a significant effect on pig production. Keywords: Pigs, cages, labor, fee

Oxygen Bonding to Haemoglobin. 17O NMR Spectrum A Second Look

It was found that the upper concentration limit in detecting the oxygen-17 NMR signal from ordinary solvent water in solutions of oxyhaemoglobin is about 12 · 10-3 M (in haem). From samples of oxyhaemoglobin prepared with oxygen gas enriched to 62° /o in 170 a signal could be detected within a few days in spite of higher protein concentrations. Such signals increased in couple of weeks up to three times. However, within this period of time the sealed, dissolved oxyhaemoglobin became deoxygenated showing the characteristic colour change, while the NMR 170 signal persisted. The pressure above such sealed solutions diminished and the mass-spectroscopic analyses showed two- to threefold enrichment in 170 of solvent water after the deoxy-conversion, while in the gas phase oxygen ¥,Tas replaced by carbon dioxide. There is no deoxy-conversion in samples prepared under sterile conditions or in presence of sodium azide (equimolar with haem). It is concluded that owing to bacterial contamination in haemoglobin solutions prepared under ordinary conditions oxygen from the gas-phase is being reduced into water through bacterial metabolism. Thus, the observed 170 NMR signals were due to the solvent water enriched in 170. A former paper* claiming detection of 170 NMR signal from oxygen bound to haemoglobin is thus invalidated

Oxygen Bonding to Haemoglobin. 17O NMR Spectrum A Second Look

It was found that the upper concentration limit in detecting the oxygen-17 NMR signal from ordinary solvent water in solutions of oxyhaemoglobin is about 12 · 10-3 M (in haem). From samples of oxyhaemoglobin prepared with oxygen gas enriched to 62° /o in 170 a signal could be detected within a few days in spite of higher protein concentrations. Such signals increased in couple of weeks up to three times. However, within this period of time the sealed, dissolved oxyhaemoglobin became deoxygenated showing the characteristic colour change, while the NMR 170 signal persisted. The pressure above such sealed solutions diminished and the mass-spectroscopic analyses showed two- to threefold enrichment in 170 of solvent water after the deoxy-conversion, while in the gas phase oxygen ¥,Tas replaced by carbon dioxide. There is no deoxy-conversion in samples prepared under sterile conditions or in presence of sodium azide (equimolar with haem). It is concluded that owing to bacterial contamination in haemoglobin solutions prepared under ordinary conditions oxygen from the gas-phase is being reduced into water through bacterial metabolism. Thus, the observed 170 NMR signals were due to the solvent water enriched in 170. A former paper* claiming detection of 170 NMR signal from oxygen bound to haemoglobin is thus invalidated

Ion Kinetic Energy Spectroscopy Study of Doubly Charged Ion Reactions in Some Mono and Disubstituted Benzenes

The technique of ion kinetic energy spectroscopy was used to study the doubly charged metastable ion decompositions in a number of simple mono and disubstituted benzenes. Metastable decompositions of doubly charged ions were compared with the corresponding decompositions of singly charged ions. The kinetic energy ,released in all reactions in which doubly charged ions fragment to give two singly charged ions was measured and the corresponding intercharge distances calculated. The structural inferences of these results are discussed

Brain Networks for Analyzing Eye Gaze

The eyes convey a wealth of information in social interactions. This information is analyzed by multiple brain networks, which we identified using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subjects attempted to detect a particular directional cue provided either by gaze changes on an image of a face or by an arrow presented alone or by an arrow superimposed on the face. Another control condition was included in which the eyes moved without providing meaningful directional information. Activation of the superior temporal sulcus accompanied extracting directional information from gaze relative to directional information from an arrow and relative to eye motion without relevant directional information. Such selectivity for gaze processing was not observed in face-responsive fusiform regions. Brain activations were also investigated while subjects viewed the same face but attempted to detect when the eyes gazed directly at them. Most notably, amygdala activation was greater during periods when direct gaze never occurred than during periods when direct gaze occurred on 40% of the trials. In summary, our results suggest that increases in neural processing in the amygdala facilitate the analysis of gaze cues when a person is actively monitoring for emotional gaze events, whereas increases in neural processing in the superior temporal sulcus support the analysis of gaze cues that provide socially meaningful spatial information.Psycholog

The Mass and Ion Kinetic Energy Spectra of Fluoro-Chloro Substituted Norbornanes and Nortricyclanes

The mass and ion kinetic energy spectra of difluoro- and fluoro- chloro-norbornanes and fluoro-chloro-nortricyclanes have been examined. In several instances the similarity of the mass spectra makes it impossible to distinguish the diastereoisomers from each other. In contrast, however, their ion kinetic energy spectra differ clearly and allow unambiguous differentiation of the stereoisomers