Espécies com potencial para cercas-vicas em SAF's da Região Sul do RS: estudo preliminar.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elencar espécies com potencial para cercas-vivas em Sistemas Agroflorestais da região Sul do RS, buscando contribuir para proteção de agroecossistemas. Com base em revisão bibliográfica realizada foram elencadas 81 espécies, das quais 10 foram selecionadas para maior aprofundamento e serão apresentadas neste estudo. Posteriormente estas espécies serão testadas e analisadas em campo. Abstract: The present study aims to list species with potential for living fences in agroforestry systems in southern RS, seeking to contribute to protection of agroecosystems. Based on the literature review were listed 81 species, of which 10 were selected for further deepening and will be presented in this study. Later these species will be tested and evaluated in the ground

Licenciamento de espécies florestais nativas em sistemas agroflorestais no contexto da agricultura familiar.

O estudo está sendo realizado em três agroecossistemas que participam do projeto de pesquisa ?Construção participativa de sistemas agroflorestais no território sul do Rio Grande do Sul ? Encosta da Serra do Sudeste?, onde foram implantadas unidades pedagógicas de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). O presente trabalho consiste em exercitar o processo de licenciamento de plantios florestais com espécies nativas. Para tanto, tem-se realizado revisão bibliográfica e de fontes secundárias, entrevistas com os agentes licenciadores e famílias agricultoras, com o intuito de esclarecer, problematizar e qualificar os procedimentos administrativos e legais para que um agricultor possa plantar, manejar e colher produtos madeireiros e não-madeireiros, oriundos de espécies florestais nativas, atendendo as exigências da legislação ambiental. Abstract The study was conducted in three agroecosystems that participate in the research project "construction development of agroforestry systems in the territory south of the Rio Grande do Sul - South East Side of the Sierra," where units were deployed teaching agroforestry systems (AFS). The present work consists in exercising the licensing process forest plantations with native species. For both, we have performed bibliographic review and secondary sources, interviews with the licensors and farming families, with the intention of clarify, problematize and qualify the administrative and legal procedures necessary for that a farmer to plant, manage and harvest timber and non-wood from native forest species, meeting the requirement of environmental legislation

Avaliação da superação de dormência de sementes de Cupania vernalis Cambess.

Cupania vernalis pertence à família Sapindaceae e é conhecida popularmente como camboatá. Suas sementes apresentam alto teor de umidade e são classificadas como recalcitrantes. Frente à dificuldade de armazenagem e na busca por métodos que acelerem a germinação e emergência, submeteu-se as sementes a diferentes tratamentos de superação de dormência. Foram testados os processos de escarificação, aquecimento em água quente a 50ºC por 5 minutos, desidratação a 40% e testemunha sem tratamento. As sementes tiveram o arilo removido antes da aplicação dos tratamentos. Para cada um dos tratamentos avaliou-se a emergência durante 30, 60 e 90 dias. O aquecimento em água quente a 50ºC por 5 minutos acelerou o processo de germinação, enquanto que o tratamento desidratação apresentou a menor emergência absoluta, ainda que não tenha provocado a total inviabilidade das sementes. Abstract: Cupania vernalis belongs to the family Sapindaceae and it is known than camboatá. Their seeds have high moisture content and are classified as recalcitrant. Facing the difficulty of storing and for methods to speed up germination and emergence, underwent the seeds to different treatments. Scarification, heating in hot water at 50ºc for 5 minutes, dehydration to 40% and control without treatment where tested. The seeds had the aril removed before application the treatments. For each one of the treatments was evaluated at 30, 60 and emergencies during 90 days. Heating in hot water at 50ºc for 5 minutes accelerated the process of germination, while treating dehydration presented the lowest absolute emergency, even though it has not caused the total impracticality of the seeds

Boundary Shape and Casimir Energy

Casimir energy changes are investigated for geometries obtained by small but arbitrary deformations of a given geometry for which the vacuum energy is already known for the massless scalar field. As a specific case, deformation of a spherical shell is studied. From the deformation of the sphere we show that the Casimir energy is a decreasing function of the surface to volume ratio. The decreasing rate is higher for less smooth deformations.Comment: 12 page

Effortless attention as a biomarker for experienced mindfulness practitioners

Objective: The present study aimed at comparing frontal beta power between long-term (LTM) and first-time meditators (FTM), before, during and after a meditation session. We hypothesized that LTM would present lower beta power than FTM due to lower effort of attention and awareness. Methods: Twenty one participants were recruited, eleven of whom were long-term meditators. The subjects were asked to rest for 4 minutes before and after open monitoring (OM) meditation (40 minutes). Results: The two-way ANOVA revealed an interaction between the group and moment factors for the Fp1 (p<0.01), F7 (p = 0.01), F3 (p<0.01), Fz (p<0.01), F4 (p<0.01), F8 (p<0.01) electrodes. Conclusion: We found low power frontal beta activity for LTM during the task and this may be associated with the fact that OM is related to bottom-up pathways that are not present in FTM. Significance: We hypothesized that the frontal beta power pattern may be a biomarker for LTM. It may also be related to improving an attentive state and to the efficiency of cognitive functions, as well as to the long-term experience with meditation (i.e., life-time experience and frequency of practice)