The effect of cultivar and harvesting stage on the chemical composition of processing tomato fruit

Field-grown processing tomatoes are harvested in the red stage, however a significant part of fruits remaining on the crop are at the turning stage and in the mature-green stage. This is a part of the crop that can still be used after post-harvest ripening. The aim of the study was to compare the quality of the three determinate tomato cultivars harvested in the field during the red stage with that of red tomatoes obtained after ripening on shelf (harvested in the turning and mature-green stages). Red fruits were analysed immediately after harvest. The remaining fruits were stored and analysed after they had reached the red stage. Experiment showed that unripe tomatoes harvested in mature green phase during shelf ripening can achieve a good fruit quality, comparable to those harvested red. There was found no impact of the degree of ripeness at harvest on the content of dry matter. The relationship between content of extract, soluble sugars and organic acids and the degree of ripeness at harvest depended on the vegetation period. In 2009 fruits harvested green or pink reached higher content of extract, soluble sugars and organic acids than fruits harvested red. In 2010 it was quite contrary; all parameters were worst in fruits collected green or pink. In 2011 there were no differences in extract, whereas level of sugars and organic acids were higher in fruits collected unripe, stored and analysed after they had reached the red stage. Regardless of the year of research, vitamin C level was always the highest in the fruits collected red

Reportage as a genre used to describe the crime, on the example of Åsne Seierstad's book "One of us. The tale of Norway"

Wyżej wymieniona praca licencjacka opowiada o książce reporterki Åsne Seierstad napisanej w oparciu o historię jakie rozegrały się przed, w trakcie i po zamachu z dnia 21 lipca 2011, który miał miejsce w stolicy Norwegii - Oslo. Przedstawiając metodykę badań, wyjaśniając etymologię i definicję gatunku, jakim jest reportaż postarałam się udowodnić, że wybrana przeze mnie książka jest przykładem literackiego reportażu. Przytaczając liczne fragmenty oraz omawiając je bazując na wypowiedziach ekspertów udało mi się potwierdzić wcześniej postawioną tezę.The aforementioned BA thesis tells about the book written by reporter Asne Seiestard, which was write on the story that took place before, during and after the terrorism attack 21st of July, 2011, which took place in the Norwegian capital - Oslo. Presenting the research methodology, explaining the etymology and definition of the book kind called "reportage", I tried to prove that the book I have chosen is an example of literary reportage. When quoting numerous fragments and discussing them basing on the statements of the experts, I was able to confirm the tesis that I had put up

The influence of NANO-GRO® organic stimulator on the yielding and fruit quality of field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The effect of different methods of NANO-GRO® application on tomato plant growth and yield and its quality was determined. Four treatments were used: soaking seeds with NANO-GRO®, plants spraying, double application: soaking seeds + plants spraying and a control without NANO-GRO®. The cultivar Mieszko F1 was used for the study. A significant influence of NANO-GRO® application method on tomato plant growth, yield and quality was observed. Pre-sowing application positively influenced plant height and the thickness of the stems. The highest total and marketable yield was observed in plants whose seeds were soaked with NANO-GRO® (respectively 87.02 and 53.13 t ha−1) and in those with double application (respectively 73.48 and 45.67 t ha−1). The lowest marketable yield was found in the plants from the control (37.01 t ha−1). The highest lycopene content compared to the control was measured in fruits from plants sprayed with NANO-GRO®

The Effect of Temperature and Precipitation Conditions on the Growth and Development Dynamics of Five Cultivars of Processing Tomato

Cultivation of field tomato in Poland meets unfavorable temperature and precipitation conditions, which affect yield and quality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and precipitation conditions on the growth and development dynamics of five cultivars of processing tomato. The analysis took into account the key morphological characteristics of the plant, the inflorescence and fruit, which determine the suitability of the cultivar for processing. Analysis of the effect of meteorological elements on the stem development showed that stem length was most strongly influenced by precipitation – both total precipitation and frequency, rather than by temperature; the greater the rainfall, the more intensive stem elongation. High levels of precipitation limited gains in stem thickness. The number of flowers and fruits formed per inflorescence was negatively correlated with temperature. Excessive precipitation during the entire growing period led to formation of smaller fruits. The length and width of the fruit were negatively correlated with the frequency of precipitation in all stages, and with total precipitation during the period from planting to setting of the first fruits. A beneficial effect of temperature on the length and width of the fruit was noted during the entire growing period. The tomato fruit formed a thicker pericarp when precipitation was more frequent

The influence of ethephon application to processing tomato plants on yield structure in relation to weather conditions during the growing period

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of ethephon application (Agrostym 480 SL) on the yield and yield structure of five processing tomato cultivars (Rumba, Hubal, Sokal F1 , Mieszko F1 and Polset F1 ). The experiment was carried out in the open field in the years 2009-2011 in Mydlniki near Kraków, Poland. Two weeks before harvesting, half of the plants of each cultivar were treated with Agrostym 480 SL (3 dm3 ha-1) and the other half were left as a control without spraying. Marketable yield included properly shaped and welldeveloped light red and red fruits. Non-marketable yield included pink and turning fruits, mature green and breaker fruits, and diseased fruits. A generalized linear model (GLM) for Poisson distribution with the log link function was used to determine the relationship between the years of the study and cultivar and selected values of the yield structure. The yield structure of tomato depended significantly on the weather conditions during the growing period in different years of the study, on the cultivar, and on the use of ethephon. Ethephon had a particularly beneficial effect on yield structure in the years with an unfavourable distribution of precipitation. Ethephon application in the years 2009 and 2010 had a beneficial effect on the health of tomato plants

Hydrocarbon Degradation and Microbial Survival Improvement in Response to γ-Polyglutamic Acid Application

To improve the environmental sustainability of cleanup activities of contaminated sites there is a need to develop technologies that minimize soil and habitat disturbances. Cleanup technologies, such as bioremediation, are based on biological products and processes, and they are important for the future of our planet. We studied the potential of γ-poly glutamic acid (PGA) as a natural component of biofilm produced by Bacillus sp. to be used for the decomposition of petroleum products, such as heavy naphtha (N), lubricating oil (O), and grease (G). The study aimed to assess the impact of the use of different concentrations of PGA on the degradation process of various fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) and its effect on bacterial population growth in harsh conditions of PH contamination. In laboratory conditions, four treatments of PGA with each of the petroleum products (N, O, and G) were tested: PGA0 (reference), PGA1 (1% PGA), PGA1B (1% PGA with Bacillus licheniformis), and PGA10 (10% PGA). After 7, 28, 56, and 112 days of the experiment, the percentage yield extraction, hydrocarbon mass loss, geochemical ratios, pH, electrical conductivity, and microorganisms survival were determined. We observed an increase in PH removal, reflected as a higher amount of extraction yield (growing with time and reaching about 11% in G) and loss of hydrocarbon mass (about 4% in O and G) in all treatments of the PGA compared to the reference. The positive degradation impact was intensive until around day 60. The PH removal stimulation by PGA was also reflected by changes in the values of geochemical ratios, which indicated that the highest rate of degradation was at the initial stage of the process. In general, for the stimulation of PH removal, using a lower (1%) concentration of PGA resulted in better performance than a higher concentration (10%). The PH removal facilitated by PGA is related to the anionic homopoliamid structure of the molecule and its action as a surfactant, which leads to the formation of micelles and the gradual release of PH absorbed in the zeolite carrier. Moreover, the protective properties of PGA against the extinction of bacteria under high concentrations of PH were identified. Generally, the γ-PGA biopolymer helps to degrade the hydrocarbon pollutants and stabilize the environment suitable for microbial degraders development

Basic Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Selected Polyphenolic Compounds Profile in Garlic Leaves and Bulbs Collected at Various Stages of Development

Garlic is commonly used as vegetable or spice and as a herb in folklore as well as traditional medicine in many countries. The current study aimed to compare the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds in cloves as well as leaves of winter garlic plants of the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars, which are of Polish origin. Garlic was grown from cloves for three years (2018–2020) in the experimental field of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. The research material was harvested on three dates: May; June, unripe garlic plants; and in July, the plant at full maturity. The content of vitamin C in the fresh material was determined. The proximate analysis was determined in the freeze-dried plants of garlic, and the total carbohydrate content was calculated. The antioxidant activity and the content of selected polyphenolic compounds were also determined. Garlic cloves showed a higher content of dry matter, and total carbohydrates than the leaves of garlic plants. On the other hand, in the leaves, a significantly higher content of protein, total fat and ash were observed. Additionally, garlic leaves were characterised by a higher content of vitamin C, total polyphenols, and a higher antioxidant activity than garlic cloves. The leaves of young garlic plants from the May harvest were distinguished by a higher content of these compounds. The dominant phenolic compounds were catechin and epicatechin. The leaves of young plants can be a valuable source of bioactive substances, especially in early spring

Chemical Composition and Concentration of Bioactive Compounds in Garlic Cultivated from Air Bulbils

This study was designed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and selected bioactive compound content and occurrence in whole immature and mature garlic plants grown from air bulbils. Two winter garlic cultivars, Harnaś and Ornak, of Polish origin, were cultivated from air bulbils at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Kraków, Poland. Harvest bunching of garlic of both cultivars was carried out in May and in June. Mature plants were harvested in July. In whole plant proximate analysis, the concentration of vitamin C, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b, as well as glutathione level were determined. P-coumaric acid was found in Harnaś and Ornak samples collected in May. Sinapinic acid was identified in Ornak samples collected in June and July. Identification of sulphur compounds depended on the term of harvesting. Significantly higher content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, as well as other bioactive compounds, was measured in the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars harvested in May. A significantly lower level of bioactive compounds was determined in mature plants harvested in July. The organosulfur compound profile and polyphenolic profile depended on the time of harvesting. Immature garlic cultivated from air bulbils is recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds in human nutrition, however, more research, in particular in vivo studies, is required to confirm its functional properties.Land and Food Systems, Faculty ofOther UBCNon UBCReviewedFacult