Clinical characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls.

<p>All values are arithmetic means with standard deviations in parentheses, except for sex, smoker status, drug treatment, and cerebrospinal fluid taken.</p><p>Abbreviations</p><p>^a AD Alzheimer’s disease</p><p>^b PD Parkinson’s disease</p><p>^c HC healthy control</p><p>^d n/a not applicable</p><p>^e MMSE mini-mental state examination.</p><p>^f pTau hyperphosphorylated tau protein</p><p>^g Aβ₄₂ amyloid-beta 1–42</p><p>^h Aβ₄₀ amyloid-beta 1–40</p><p>ⁱ n.s. not significant.</p><p>Clinical characteristics of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls.</p

LDA classifications for the cross-validation between Bonn and Marburg.

<p>Table 3 shows cross tables of the estimated vs. true AD and HC participants. Estimates for the LDA were gathered from one site and applied to classify the participants from the other site (LDA: Bonn to Marburg and LDA: Marburg to Bonn).</p><p>LDA classifications for the cross-validation between Bonn and Marburg.</p

LDA^a classifications for the leave-one-out cross-validations.

<p>Table 2 shows cross tables of the estimated vs. true AD and HC participants from the two sites (Marburg and Bonn). Estimations were drawn from the outcome of a leave-one-out cross-validation of the LDA model.</p><p>Abbreviations</p><p>^a LDA Linear discriminant analysis</p><p>^b AD Alzheimer’s disease</p><p>^c HC healthy control</p><p>LDA<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132227#t002fn003" target="_blank">^a</a> classifications for the leave-one-out cross-validations.</p

Linear discriminant analysis.

<p>In Fig 1, we tested whether differentiating among patients with two neurodegenerative disorders and healthy controls is possible using the eNose. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to distinguish among groups. Repeated measurements were evaluated using median values and normalised to a range of 0 to 1. LD = linear discriminant, ad = Alzheimer's disease, pd = Parkinson's disease, hc = healthy control.</p