3 research outputs found
Capacidade de exercĂcio e efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exercĂcio resistido em um treinamento fĂsico combinado em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crĂŽnica
The scientific literature of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD) brings several specific aspects in relation to exercise capacity and
physical training. However, there are gaps that have not been elucidated, bringing
scientific questions that enabled this thesis development. The questions presented were:
1) Do patients with more symptomatic COPD present different exercise capacity on a
cycle ergometer according to disease severity? 2) What limiting factors of exercise
capacity are related to greater functional impairment of patients with COPD and greater
disease severity? 3) In patients with COPD, which intensity of resistance training in a
combined physical training produces more positive effects on peripheral muscle
strength, exercise capacity, symptoms perception and quality of life? Thus, two studies
were performed involving the problematic presented with following aims: 1) to identify
how the limiting factors (ventilatory, cardiovascular, oxygenation and peripheral
muscles) are involved in exercise performance and to determine whether there is
difference on exercise capacity in more symptomatic patients with different disease
severity; 2) to compare the effect of two combined trainings, different regarding the
intensity of the resistance training, on peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity,
symptoms and quality of life in patients with COPD and to verify which intensity of
training was capable of presenting a larger proportion of responder patients. Methods:
The first study was a cross-sectional study with thirty-eight symptomatic patients with
COPD (COPD assessment test â„ 10 points) that were assessed by: Spirometry,
Symptom-limited Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET), Six Minute Walk Test
(6MWT), isometric muscle strength test of knee extensors (KExt) and hip abductors
(HAbd) with Microfet2 dynamometer. Subjects were grouped according to airway
obstruction level [Group 1: FEV1 ℠50% (n=17, 66±9yrs, FEV1=61.1± 9.9%pred) and
Group 2: FEV1 < 50% (n=21, 67.8±8.9yrs, FEV1=36.3±8.5%pred)]. In second study,
with intervention program for patients with COPD, thirty-one patients were assessed
and reassessed by: CAT, Saint Georgeâs Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); isometric
muscle strength of KExt and elbow flexors (EFlex); 6MWT; Symptom-limited CPET;
constant load cardiopulmonary test (CL-CPET) and one repetition maximum test
(1RM). Patients were randomized in two groups and underwent 36 training sessions:
combined training with low-intensity resistance training, from 30%1RM to 45%1RM
for upper limbs and to 51%1RM for lower limbs (LIRT: n=16, 68.1±9.3years,
10
FEV1=50.0±15.7%pred), and combined training with high intensity resistance training,
from 60%1RM to 75%1RM for upper limbs and to 81%1RM for lower limbs (HIRT:
n=15, 70±6.5years, FEV 1 =46.8 ± 14.5%pred). Both groups performed aerobic training
with work load corresponding to 80% VO2peak in symptom-limited CPET. Results:
More symptomatic patients with more severity COPD had significantly lower 6MWD,
besides lower oxygen saturation and ventilatory reserve in peak CPET, being that the
prevalence of this condition in peak exercise occurred in higher proportion in this
group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in isometric strength between
groups, being KExt strength able to predict approximately 52% of CPET maximal load.
For patients that performed combined training with different intensities of resistance
training, there were significant differences regarding symptoms (CAT), quality of life
(SGRQ) and exercise capacity (6MWD and Tlim) in both groups, nevertheless, only
HIRT presented significative improvement in isometric muscle strength of KExt and
EFlex). Both trainings presented values above the minimum clinically important
difference (MCID) to symptom and exercise capacity. However, quality of life and
KExt and EFlex isometric muscle strength only presented improvements higher than
MCID in group HIRT, which also presented a significantly larger number of responder
patients considering isometric muscle strength. Conclusion: More symptomatic patients
with COPD with higher disease severity present more limitation in exercise tolerance,
being lower ventilatory reserve, oxygenation deficit and KExt muscle strength more
pronounced limiting factors in these patients. Additionally, aerobic training associated
to resistance training was effective to improve symptoms and exercise capacity
regardless the intensity of the strength training. However, high intensity resistance
training may lead to greater gains regarding quality of life and peripheral muscle
strength, which indicates that patients respond more and better to this intensity of
training, as well as present greater clinical relevance.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES)A literatura cientĂfica traz diversos aspectos especĂficos em relação Ă
capacidade de exercĂcio e treinamento fĂsico de pacientes com Doença Pulmonar
Obstrutiva CrĂŽnica (DPOC). Entretanto, existem lacunas que ainda nĂŁo foram
elucidadas, o que deu origem Ă algumas questĂ”es cientĂficas que possibilitaram o
desenvolvimento dessa tese de doutorado. Os questionamentos apresentados foram: 1)
Pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos apresentam diferentes capacidades de exercĂcio
em cicloergÎmetro de acordo com a gravidade da doença? 2) Quais fatores limitantes da
capacidade de exercĂcio estĂŁo relacionados a maior prejuĂzo funcional dos pacientes
com DPOC mais sintomåticos e maior gravidade da doença? 3) Em pacientes com
DPOC, qual intensidade de treinamento resistido em um treinamento fĂsico combinado
produz mais efeitos positivos sobre a força muscular perifĂ©rica, capacidade de exercĂcio
e percepção de sintomas e qualidade de vida? Dessa forma, foram realizados dois
estudos envolvendo a problemĂĄtica apresentada com os seguintes objetivos: 1)
Identificar como os fatores limitantes ventilatório, cardiovascular, de oxigenação e
muscular perifĂ©rico estĂŁo envolvidos no desempenho da capacidade de exercĂcio e se
existe diferenciação da capacidade de exercĂcio nos pacientes mais sintomĂĄticos com
diferentes gravidades da doença; 2) Comparar os efeitos de dois treinamentos
combinados, diferentes quanto à intensidade do treinamento resistido, sobre a força
muscular perifĂ©rica, capacidade de exercĂcio, qualidade de vida e sintomatologia em
pacientes com DPOC. MĂ©todos: O primeiro estudo foi um estudo transversal, com
amostra final foi composta por 38 pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos (COPD
Assessment Test - CAT â„ 10 pontos), que foram avaliados por: espirometria, Teste
Cardiopulmonar de Esforço (TCPE) Sintoma-limitado, Teste de caminhada de 6
minutos (TC6min), teste de força muscular isométrica de extensores de joelho (ExtJ) e
abdutores de quadril (AbdQ) com dinamĂŽmetro Microfet2. Os pacientes foram
agrupados de acordo com grau de obstrução da via aérea [Grupo 1: VEF1 ℠50% (n=17,
66±9anos, VEF1=61,1±9,9%pred) e Grupo 2: VEF1 < 50% (n=21, 68±9anos,
VEF1=36,3±8,5%pred)]. Para o segundo estudo, em que foi realizada intervenção nos
pacientes com DPOC, a amostra final foi composta por 31 pacientes foram avaliados e
reavaliados por: CAT, Saint Georgeâs Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); teste de força
muscular isométrica de ExtJ e flexores de cotovelo (FlexC); TC6min, TCPE Sintoma8
limitado e Carga Constante e Testes de 1 Repetição Måxima (1RM). Os pacientes foram
randomizados em 2 grupos e realizaram 36 sessĂ”es de treinamento fĂsico combinado,
um grupo realizou treinamento resistido de baixa intensidade (TRBI: n=16,
68,1±9,3anos, VEF1=50,0±15,7%pred), iniciando com 30%1RM e progredindo até
45%1RM em membros superiores (MMSS) e até 51% em membros inferiores (MMII) e
o outro treinamento resistido de alta intensidade (TRAI: n=15, 70±6,5anos, VEF1=46,8
± 14,5%pred), sendo iniciado com 60%1RM e finalizado com 75%1RM em MMSS e
81%1RM em MMII. Ambos os grupos realizaram o treinamento aerĂłbio contĂnuo com
carga referente a 80% do VO2 pico atingido no TCPE sintoma-limitado. Resultados:
Pacientes com DPOC mais sintomåticos e com maior gravidade da doença apresentaram
menor distùncia percorrida no TC6min (DPTC6min), além de menor saturação
perifĂ©rica de oxigĂȘnio (SpO2) e reserva ventilatĂłria (VE/VVM) no pico no TCPE, com
maior prevalĂȘncia dessas condiçÔes no pico do exercĂcio nesses pacientes. AlĂ©m disso,
apresentaram menor força muscular isométrica de membros inferiores, sendo a força de
ExtJ capaz de predizer aproximadamente 52% da carga mĂĄxima atingida no TCPE
sintoma-limitado. Para os pacientes que realizaram o treinamento combinado com
diferentes intensidades de treinamento resistido, foram encontradas diferenças
significativas para sintomatologia (CAT), qualidade de vida (SGRQ) e capacidade de
exercĂcio (DPTC6min e tempo de tolerĂąncia no TCPE-CC) em ambos os grupos,
entretanto apenas o TRAI apresentou melhora significativa na força muscular isométrica
de ExtJ e FlexC. Ambos os treinamentos apresentaram valores acima da diferença
mĂnima clinicamente importante (DMCI) para sintomatologia e capacidade de exercĂcio.
Entretanto, apenas no TRAI apresentou valores acima da DMCI para qualidade de vida
e força muscular isomĂ©trica de ExtJ e FlexC, com maior proporção respondedores Ă
força muscular isométrica nesse grupo. ConclusÔes: Pacientes com DPOC mais
sintomåticos e maior gravidade da doença apresentam maior limitação na tolerùncia ao
exercĂcio, sendo que a menor reserva ventilatĂłria, dĂ©ficit de oxigenação e força
muscular de extensores de joelho parecem ser fatores limitantes mais pronunciados
nesses pacientes. Além disso, o treinamento combinado com diferentes intensidades de
exercĂcio resistido parece ser efetivo para melhora em relação Ă sintomatologia e
capacidade de exercĂcio em pacientes com DPOC independente da intensidade de
treinamento. Entretanto, o treinamento resistido de alta intensidade pode proporcionar
maiores ganhos em relação à qualidade de vida e à força muscular periférica, além de
proporcionar maior relevĂąncia clĂnica
Levels of physical activity and predictors of mortality in COPD
OBJECTIVE: To compare the Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, andExercise capacity (BODE) index scores and its individual components between COPD patients with and without severe physical inactivity, as well as to correlate the number of steps/day with scores of physical activity questionnaires, age, and the BODE index (including its components).METHODS: We included 30 patients, who were evaluated for body composition, pulmonary function (FEV1), perception of dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council scale), and exercise capacity (six-minute walk distance [6MWD]). The patients also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, and the modified Baecke questionnaire (mBQ). The level of physical activity was assessed by the number of steps/day (as determined by pedometer), using the cut-off of 4,580 steps/day to form two groups: no severe physical inactivity (SPIâ) and severe physical inactivity (SPI+). We used the Mann-Whitney test or t-test, as well as Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests, in the statistical analysis.RESULTS: In comparison with the SPIâ group, the SPI+ group showed more advanced age, higher mBQ scores (leisure domain), lower 6MWD (in m and % of predicted), and lower IPAQ scores (metabolic equivalent-walk/week domain and total). The IPAQ scores showed weak correlations with steps/day (r = 0.399), age (r = â0.459), and 6MWD-in m (r = 0.446) and in % of predicted (r = 0.422).CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the cut-off of 4,580 steps/day was not sensitive enough to identify differences between the groups when compared with the predictors of mortality. The IPAQ, short version score correlated with steps/day