3 research outputs found

    Capacidade de exercício e efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exercício resistido em um treinamento físico combinado em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crÎnica

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    The scientific literature of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) brings several specific aspects in relation to exercise capacity and physical training. However, there are gaps that have not been elucidated, bringing scientific questions that enabled this thesis development. The questions presented were: 1) Do patients with more symptomatic COPD present different exercise capacity on a cycle ergometer according to disease severity? 2) What limiting factors of exercise capacity are related to greater functional impairment of patients with COPD and greater disease severity? 3) In patients with COPD, which intensity of resistance training in a combined physical training produces more positive effects on peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, symptoms perception and quality of life? Thus, two studies were performed involving the problematic presented with following aims: 1) to identify how the limiting factors (ventilatory, cardiovascular, oxygenation and peripheral muscles) are involved in exercise performance and to determine whether there is difference on exercise capacity in more symptomatic patients with different disease severity; 2) to compare the effect of two combined trainings, different regarding the intensity of the resistance training, on peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, symptoms and quality of life in patients with COPD and to verify which intensity of training was capable of presenting a larger proportion of responder patients. Methods: The first study was a cross-sectional study with thirty-eight symptomatic patients with COPD (COPD assessment test ≄ 10 points) that were assessed by: Spirometry, Symptom-limited Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), isometric muscle strength test of knee extensors (KExt) and hip abductors (HAbd) with Microfet2 dynamometer. Subjects were grouped according to airway obstruction level [Group 1: FEV1 ≄ 50% (n=17, 66±9yrs, FEV1=61.1± 9.9%pred) and Group 2: FEV1 < 50% (n=21, 67.8±8.9yrs, FEV1=36.3±8.5%pred)]. In second study, with intervention program for patients with COPD, thirty-one patients were assessed and reassessed by: CAT, Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); isometric muscle strength of KExt and elbow flexors (EFlex); 6MWT; Symptom-limited CPET; constant load cardiopulmonary test (CL-CPET) and one repetition maximum test (1RM). Patients were randomized in two groups and underwent 36 training sessions: combined training with low-intensity resistance training, from 30%1RM to 45%1RM for upper limbs and to 51%1RM for lower limbs (LIRT: n=16, 68.1±9.3years, 10 FEV1=50.0±15.7%pred), and combined training with high intensity resistance training, from 60%1RM to 75%1RM for upper limbs and to 81%1RM for lower limbs (HIRT: n=15, 70±6.5years, FEV 1 =46.8 ± 14.5%pred). Both groups performed aerobic training with work load corresponding to 80% VO2peak in symptom-limited CPET. Results: More symptomatic patients with more severity COPD had significantly lower 6MWD, besides lower oxygen saturation and ventilatory reserve in peak CPET, being that the prevalence of this condition in peak exercise occurred in higher proportion in this group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in isometric strength between groups, being KExt strength able to predict approximately 52% of CPET maximal load. For patients that performed combined training with different intensities of resistance training, there were significant differences regarding symptoms (CAT), quality of life (SGRQ) and exercise capacity (6MWD and Tlim) in both groups, nevertheless, only HIRT presented significative improvement in isometric muscle strength of KExt and EFlex). Both trainings presented values above the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) to symptom and exercise capacity. However, quality of life and KExt and EFlex isometric muscle strength only presented improvements higher than MCID in group HIRT, which also presented a significantly larger number of responder patients considering isometric muscle strength. Conclusion: More symptomatic patients with COPD with higher disease severity present more limitation in exercise tolerance, being lower ventilatory reserve, oxygenation deficit and KExt muscle strength more pronounced limiting factors in these patients. Additionally, aerobic training associated to resistance training was effective to improve symptoms and exercise capacity regardless the intensity of the strength training. However, high intensity resistance training may lead to greater gains regarding quality of life and peripheral muscle strength, which indicates that patients respond more and better to this intensity of training, as well as present greater clinical relevance.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂ­vel Superior (CAPES)A literatura cientĂ­fica traz diversos aspectos especĂ­ficos em relação Ă  capacidade de exercĂ­cio e treinamento fĂ­sico de pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrĂŽnica (DPOC). Entretanto, existem lacunas que ainda nĂŁo foram elucidadas, o que deu origem Ă  algumas questĂ”es cientĂ­ficas que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento dessa tese de doutorado. Os questionamentos apresentados foram: 1) Pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos apresentam diferentes capacidades de exercĂ­cio em cicloergĂŽmetro de acordo com a gravidade da doença? 2) Quais fatores limitantes da capacidade de exercĂ­cio estĂŁo relacionados a maior prejuĂ­zo funcional dos pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos e maior gravidade da doença? 3) Em pacientes com DPOC, qual intensidade de treinamento resistido em um treinamento fĂ­sico combinado produz mais efeitos positivos sobre a força muscular perifĂ©rica, capacidade de exercĂ­cio e percepção de sintomas e qualidade de vida? Dessa forma, foram realizados dois estudos envolvendo a problemĂĄtica apresentada com os seguintes objetivos: 1) Identificar como os fatores limitantes ventilatĂłrio, cardiovascular, de oxigenação e muscular perifĂ©rico estĂŁo envolvidos no desempenho da capacidade de exercĂ­cio e se existe diferenciação da capacidade de exercĂ­cio nos pacientes mais sintomĂĄticos com diferentes gravidades da doença; 2) Comparar os efeitos de dois treinamentos combinados, diferentes quanto Ă  intensidade do treinamento resistido, sobre a força muscular perifĂ©rica, capacidade de exercĂ­cio, qualidade de vida e sintomatologia em pacientes com DPOC. MĂ©todos: O primeiro estudo foi um estudo transversal, com amostra final foi composta por 38 pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos (COPD Assessment Test - CAT ≄ 10 pontos), que foram avaliados por: espirometria, Teste Cardiopulmonar de Esforço (TCPE) Sintoma-limitado, Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min), teste de força muscular isomĂ©trica de extensores de joelho (ExtJ) e abdutores de quadril (AbdQ) com dinamĂŽmetro Microfet2. Os pacientes foram agrupados de acordo com grau de obstrução da via aĂ©rea [Grupo 1: VEF1 ≄ 50% (n=17, 66±9anos, VEF1=61,1±9,9%pred) e Grupo 2: VEF1 < 50% (n=21, 68±9anos, VEF1=36,3±8,5%pred)]. Para o segundo estudo, em que foi realizada intervenção nos pacientes com DPOC, a amostra final foi composta por 31 pacientes foram avaliados e reavaliados por: CAT, Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); teste de força muscular isomĂ©trica de ExtJ e flexores de cotovelo (FlexC); TC6min, TCPE Sintoma8 limitado e Carga Constante e Testes de 1 Repetição MĂĄxima (1RM). Os pacientes foram randomizados em 2 grupos e realizaram 36 sessĂ”es de treinamento fĂ­sico combinado, um grupo realizou treinamento resistido de baixa intensidade (TRBI: n=16, 68,1±9,3anos, VEF1=50,0±15,7%pred), iniciando com 30%1RM e progredindo atĂ© 45%1RM em membros superiores (MMSS) e atĂ© 51% em membros inferiores (MMII) e o outro treinamento resistido de alta intensidade (TRAI: n=15, 70±6,5anos, VEF1=46,8 ± 14,5%pred), sendo iniciado com 60%1RM e finalizado com 75%1RM em MMSS e 81%1RM em MMII. Ambos os grupos realizaram o treinamento aerĂłbio contĂ­nuo com carga referente a 80% do VO2 pico atingido no TCPE sintoma-limitado. Resultados: Pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos e com maior gravidade da doença apresentaram menor distĂąncia percorrida no TC6min (DPTC6min), alĂ©m de menor saturação perifĂ©rica de oxigĂȘnio (SpO2) e reserva ventilatĂłria (VE/VVM) no pico no TCPE, com maior prevalĂȘncia dessas condiçÔes no pico do exercĂ­cio nesses pacientes. AlĂ©m disso, apresentaram menor força muscular isomĂ©trica de membros inferiores, sendo a força de ExtJ capaz de predizer aproximadamente 52% da carga mĂĄxima atingida no TCPE sintoma-limitado. Para os pacientes que realizaram o treinamento combinado com diferentes intensidades de treinamento resistido, foram encontradas diferenças significativas para sintomatologia (CAT), qualidade de vida (SGRQ) e capacidade de exercĂ­cio (DPTC6min e tempo de tolerĂąncia no TCPE-CC) em ambos os grupos, entretanto apenas o TRAI apresentou melhora significativa na força muscular isomĂ©trica de ExtJ e FlexC. Ambos os treinamentos apresentaram valores acima da diferença mĂ­nima clinicamente importante (DMCI) para sintomatologia e capacidade de exercĂ­cio. Entretanto, apenas no TRAI apresentou valores acima da DMCI para qualidade de vida e força muscular isomĂ©trica de ExtJ e FlexC, com maior proporção respondedores Ă  força muscular isomĂ©trica nesse grupo. ConclusĂ”es: Pacientes com DPOC mais sintomĂĄticos e maior gravidade da doença apresentam maior limitação na tolerĂąncia ao exercĂ­cio, sendo que a menor reserva ventilatĂłria, dĂ©ficit de oxigenação e força muscular de extensores de joelho parecem ser fatores limitantes mais pronunciados nesses pacientes. AlĂ©m disso, o treinamento combinado com diferentes intensidades de exercĂ­cio resistido parece ser efetivo para melhora em relação Ă  sintomatologia e capacidade de exercĂ­cio em pacientes com DPOC independente da intensidade de treinamento. Entretanto, o treinamento resistido de alta intensidade pode proporcionar maiores ganhos em relação Ă  qualidade de vida e Ă  força muscular perifĂ©rica, alĂ©m de proporcionar maior relevĂąncia clĂ­nica

    Levels of physical activity and predictors of mortality in COPD

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    OBJECTIVE: To compare the Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, andExercise capacity (BODE) index scores and its individual components between COPD patients with and without severe physical inactivity, as well as to correlate the number of steps/day with scores of physical activity questionnaires, age, and the BODE index (including its components).METHODS: We included 30 patients, who were evaluated for body composition, pulmonary function (FEV1), perception of dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council scale), and exercise capacity (six-minute walk distance [6MWD]). The patients also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, and the modified Baecke questionnaire (mBQ). The level of physical activity was assessed by the number of steps/day (as determined by pedometer), using the cut-off of 4,580 steps/day to form two groups: no severe physical inactivity (SPI−) and severe physical inactivity (SPI+). We used the Mann-Whitney test or t-test, as well as Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests, in the statistical analysis.RESULTS: In comparison with the SPI− group, the SPI+ group showed more advanced age, higher mBQ scores (leisure domain), lower 6MWD (in m and % of predicted), and lower IPAQ scores (metabolic equivalent-walk/week domain and total). The IPAQ scores showed weak correlations with steps/day (r = 0.399), age (r = −0.459), and 6MWD-in m (r = 0.446) and in % of predicted (r = 0.422).CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the cut-off of 4,580 steps/day was not sensitive enough to identify differences between the groups when compared with the predictors of mortality. The IPAQ, short version score correlated with steps/day
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