Apple polyphenols in human and animal health*

Apples contain substantial amounts of polyphenols, and diverse phenolics mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been identified in their flesh and skins. This work aimed to analyze the overall landscape of the research literature published to date on apple phenolic compounds in the context of human and animal health. The Web of Science Core Collection electronic database was queried with (apple* polyphenol*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma*) to identify relevant papers covering these words and their derivatives in the titles, abstracts, and keywords. The resulted 890 papers were bibliometrically analyzed. The VOSviewer software was utilized to produce term maps that illustrate how the frequent phrases fared in terms of publication and citation data. The apple polyphenol papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, the United States, Spain, and Germany. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes are quercetin, anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and flavonol, while examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions are cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimers disease, and obesity. The potential health benefits of apple polyphenols on humans and animals are diverse and warrant further study.Authors acknowledge the support from The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) of Poland (project number POIR.01.01.01-00-0593/18).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Selected aspects of fibrous polymer composites cutting and surface roughness assessment

W pracy przedstawiono problematykę związaną z obróbką skrawaniem wybranych materiałów kompozytowych, powszechnie wykorzystywanych w przemyśle lotniczym. Przedmiotem badań były kompozyty polimerowe wzmacniane włóknem ciągłym (włóknami szklanymi, włóknami węglowymi, włóknami aramidowymi). Dokonano oceny stanu powierzchni bocznych obrabianych) próbek kompozytowych po obróbce frezarskiej. Przeprowadzono pomiary amplitudowych i długościowych parametrów chropowatości powierzchni. Dodatkowo analizowano stan krawędzi (górnych i dolnych) obrabianych próbek oraz obszar delaminacji. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w postaci wykresów i zobrazowań wizyjnych.This paper presents selected problems of composite materials cutting, commonly used in the aerospace industry. In this paper were studied polymer composites reinforced with continuous fibers (glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers). In this paper an evaluation of surface roughness after milling is presented. Results of tests are presented in graphs and imagines

Monitoring of the Noise Emitted by Machine Tools in Industrial Conditions

The paper presents an analysis of noise emitted by selected machine tools in a production hall (under industrial conditions). Noise monitoring is a fundamental task for maintaining workplaces which are safe and healthy. This paper presents the noise measurements obtained for several machine tools, performed in accordance with the PN ISO 230–5:2002 standard. The identification of noise sources and levels was conducted by means of the UNIT 352 measurement system for DMU 50, BGO-CNC/RV/R, FU 251, FW 801, FWC 25/H. Detection of noise sources in the tested machine tools allows to maintain safety of workers and effective means of noise reduction, which are highly significant from the perspective of minimising noise at various workstations. The method of performing noise measurements at workstations using specific machines is normalised, so that the results of such measurements for different machines could be compared. The test results were presented in the form of diagrams and tables. The results of the tests are concluded by a detailed recommendation for the CNC machine tool operators to use hearing protection when at work. The results showed that the level of noise at the operator’s workstation significantly exceeds the standard at certain machining parameters

Static and dynamic characterization of AlN-driven microcantilevers using optical interference microscopy

International audienceWe have developed an optomechanical methodology, combining interferometric deflection data, the nanoindentation technique and analytical modeling to perform the characterization of piezoelectrically driven microcantilevers operating as MEMS actuators. Here, the association of standard Twyman–Green interferometry (TGI) with time averaged and stroboscopic techniques permits the evaluation of the 3-D out-of-plane deflections of microdevices and provides feedback of measurements that helps us to optimize MEMS structures and improve the reliability and stability of microcantilevers. The goal of the presented study was investigation of high-quality cantilevers composed from silicon beam and a transducer including the aluminum nitride (AlN) layer. It is a material with piezoelectric properties, which can be an alternative for PZT films in micromachining technology. After presenting the fabrication process of the testing devices, the rest of the paper will focus on non-contact measurements of cantilevers deflection by interferometry: static data (e.g., initial shape, deformation, stress) and dynamic parameters of samples (e.g., resonance frequency and amplitude distributions in vibration modes). On the basis of these experimental data, parameters such as piezoelectric coefficient d31 have been calculated taking into account multiple film stacking

AlN driven microcantilever actuators: modeling, fabrication, characterization

International audienc

Parallel approach to MEMS and micro-optics interferometric testing

The paper presents the novel approach to an interferometric, quantitative, massive parallel inspection of MicroElectroMechanicalSystems (MEMS), MicroOptoElectroMechanical Systems (MOEMS) and microoptics arrays. The basic idea is to adapt a micro-optical probing wafer to the M(O)EMS wafer under test. The probing wafer is exchangeable and contains one of the micro-optical interferometer arrays based on: (1) a low coherent interferometer array based on a Mirau configuration or (2) a laser interferometer array based on a Twyman-Green configuration. The optical, mechanical, and electro-optical design of the system and data analysis concept based on this approach is presented. The interferometer arrays are developed and integrated at a standard test station for micro-fabrication together with the illumination and imaging modules and special mechanics which includes scanning and electrostatic excitation systems. The smart-pixel approach is applied for massive parallel electro- optical detection and data reduction. The first results of functional tests of the system are presented. The concept is discussed in reference to the future M(O)EMS and microoptics manufacturers needs and requirements