Characteristics of subsamples of <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i> (Gpg) and <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> (Gpp) in different countries and different sites.

<p>The landscape type, river basin (W. designates West and Ctral designates Central), date of sampling (day/month), GPS coordinates in degrees decimal (Lat and Long in °C North and °C West), subsample sizes (<i>N</i>) and references are also given. River basins denominations follow the definitions from the FAO at <a href="http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/watresafrica/afr_basins.htm" target="_blank">http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/watresafrica/afr_basins.htm</a>.</p><p>Characteristics of subsamples of <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i> (Gpg) and <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> (Gpp) in different countries and different sites.</p

As for Table 7 but with axis 3 of <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> sub-samples PCA coordinates.

<p>Lat:Long: interaction between latitude and longitude variables</p><p>As for <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003497#pntd.0003497.t007" target="_blank">Table 7</a> but with axis 3 of <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> sub-samples PCA coordinates.</p

Results of partial Mantel test for <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i>.

<p>Partial determination coefficients (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>, proportion of total variance explained) and corresponding <i>P</i>-values are presented. Only geographic distances have a significant effect.</p><p>Results of partial Mantel test for <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i>.</p

NJTree based on Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards chord distance between all subsamples of <i>G</i>. <i>palpalis</i> s.l. from West and Central Africa.

<p><i>G</i>. <i>palpalis gambiensis</i> subsamples are in green (Savannah), purple (Niayes) and blue (Coast) respectively. <i>G</i>. <i>palpalis palpalis</i> subsamples are in brown (Ivory Coast), light brown (Cameroon) and black (DRC) respectively. Bootstrap values above 500 (out of 1000) are indicated. For geographic position see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003497#pntd.0003497.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p

Geographic locations of sampled tsetse flies.

<p><i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i> samples come from Dakar, Pout, Missira, S1 (Senegal 1) and S3 (Senegal 3) (Senegal); Banjul North and Banjul South (Banjul) (Gambia); Magnokhoun (Mag*), Falessadé, Bani and Guéckédou (Guinea); M8 (Mali 8) and M12 (Mali 12) (Mali); Bleni, Tou* (Toussiana), Bama, Ban* (Banzon), Dar* (Darsalamy), Nia* (Niafongo) and Folonzo (Burkina-Faso). <i>Glossina palpalis palpalis</i> samples come from Bonon, Aniassue, Azaguié and Abidjan (Ivory Coast); Fontem, Bafia Bipindi and Campo (Cameroon); and Malanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). * indicates abbreviated names. For <i>G</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>gambiensis</i> sites, Niayes sites are in purple, coastal sites in blue and savannah sites in green; for <i>G</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>palpalis</i> sites, Ivory-Coast sites are in brown, Cameroon in light brown and DRC in black (see also <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003497#pntd.0003497.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>).</p

Results of partial Mantel test for <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i>.

<p>Partial determination coefficients (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>, proportion of total variance explained) and corresponding <i>P</i>-values are presented</p><p>Results of partial Mantel test for <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i>.</p

Minimum model obtained for the regression of PCA axis 1 coordinates of <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i>.

<p>The sum of squares (Sum^<i>2</i>), the proportion of variance explained by the model (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>) and the partial for each explanatory variable are given. The <i>P</i>-value was obtained after a <i>F</i> test</p><p>Minimum model obtained for the regression of PCA axis 1 coordinates of <i>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</i>.</p

Mean escape rate of irradiated (35 and 80 Gy) and unirradiated males from flight organs with different tubes heights at 48 h from pupal introduction.

<p>Mean represents back-transformed data and bars indicate 95% CIs. Different letters represent statistically significant differences of means at p < 0.05 level (GLM with Tukey's HSD) between treatments at the same tube height or dose groups.</p

Relationships between observed quality parameters and predicted values using male escape rates.

<p>For each panel, the best model highlighted by an asterisk in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005881#pntd.0005881.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> is presented. Mean male survival time at five days (S_5) and 30 days (S_30). Insemination rates (IR), full insemination rate (FIR) and number of spermatheca filled (NSF) by a single male caged with 10 females during a 5 day period.</p

The flight organ (left and center) and the aspirator (right) employed as <i>Aedes albopictus</i> quality control devices.

<p>The flight organ (left and center) and the aspirator (right) employed as <i>Aedes albopictus</i> quality control devices.</p