184 research outputs found
from a growing eco-industry to a sustainable economy
There are still many illusions to overcome in the growth discussion. These
illusions may be seen in the idea that long-term, significant growth could be
achieved using government resources or that the solution to pressing financial
and social problems necessitates higher growth. It is also an illusion,
however, to say that giving up on growth is the alternative. In fact, it is
about radical growth in environmental and resource-saving technologies. It is
also about radical “de-growth” in products and processes that undermine long-
term living and production conditions. Is the concept of "Green Growth"
proposed by the OECD and other established institutions in Europe and Asia
part of the growth illusion? This paper traces the transformation of the
concept of "Green Growth" and evaluates the strategy that accompanies it in
order to provide a more nuanced answer
innovation and diffusion of policy and technology
The article gives an analysis of the possibilities and limits of the concept
of ecological modernization. The concept was used already in the early 1980s
to describe the common field of ecology and economy. The focus was on
technological progress reducing the environmental impact of production and
consumption. Hajer and other authors had a broader definition of the concept.
But it could make sense to differentiate technical / non-technical solutions
(the latter being less compatible with the economic system). The limits to
eco-modernization strategies and the need for “structural” solutions could
possibly better be demonstrated by the earlier concept. A policy for
ecological modernization may be defined as the sum of government actions aimed
to stimulate environmental innovations and their diffusion. Higher eco-
efficiency - instead of end-of-pipe measures - is its main objective. But
innovation is a highly difficult task, especially for governments. No simple
“instrumentalistic” solution is available. Therefore, a more complex policy
pattern will be necessary. A more global policy approach would be the
stimulation of “green” lead markets. As a rule a complex interplay between
political and technical innovation and diffusion can be observed
über Umweltdeterminanten des Weltmarktes und die Pionierrolle von Nationalstaaten ; zwölf Thesen
Akzeleratoren der Diffusion klimafreundlicher Technik: Horizontale und vertikale Verstärker im Mehrebenensystem
Vor dem Hintergrund der hohen Dynamik des Klimawandels untersucht der Beitrag
die Möglichkeiten einer beschleunigten Diffusion klimafreundlicher Technik.
Bei einer Klimapolitik, die auch industriepolitisch angelegt ist, lassen sich
solche „Akzeleratoren“ beobachten. Dabei werden folgende Verstärkungsfaktoren
behandelt: (a) die interaktive Innovationsdy-namik mit RĂĽckkopplungseffekten,
die eine ambitionierte Klimapolitik auslösen kann („mutually reinforcing
cycles“), (b) der Mechanismus des nationalen Lead-Marktes mit glo-baler
Diffusionswirkung, (c) die von Pionierländern ausgehende Diffusion
technologie-basierter politischer Fördermaßnahmen („lesson-drawing“) und (d)
die vertikal induzierte horizontale Innovationsdynamik im politischen
Mehrebenensystem speziell auf der subnati-onalen Ebene. Allen Mechanismen ist
gemeinsam, dass sie erstens von einem Wechselspiel zwischen Politik und
Technik bestimmt sind, dass sie zweitens eine Mobilisierung ökonomi-scher
Interessen fĂĽr die Klimapolitik bewirken und dies drittens auf allen Ebenen
der glo-balen Politik möglich ist (multi-level governance). Der explorative
Beitrag bestätigt die Po-tenziale eines „polyzentrischen Ansatzes“ der
Klimapolitik im Sinne Ostroms
the challenge of globalisation
During the last years we have witnessed more and more fears that the nation
state and its ability to set demanding standards in fields like environmental
policy has diminished in the context of globalisation. There is, on the other
hand, the hopeful prognosis of neo-classical economists that the same
globalisation would be connected with deregulation and fundamental reduction
of the role of government. Neither the fear nor the hope of a withering away
of the nation state in times of globalisation are supported by empirical
research. States in concert have expanded and co-ordinated their regulatory
powers. And it is only the nation state, the guarantor of diverse societal
interests, that has the competence, the resources, the power and legitimacy to
regulate the actions of disparate actors who might otherwise destroy shared
environmental resources. There is a remarkable potential at least in the
advanced OECD countries to promote change by the adoption of a pioneering
policy, the stimulation of international competition and the diffusion of best
practice. This potential of the highly advanced countries may be seen as a
moral obligation to assume a higher responsibility for the global
environmental development. The advanced nations cannot hide behind the fictive
monster of globalisation, seemingly legitimising any kind of inactivity. On
the contrary, it is their obligation to provide the world with better
“demonstration effects”, with a better model of production and consumption
overcoming the resource and environment intensive model of the past
Horizontal and Vertical Reinforcement in Global Climate Governance
This paper is dealing with mechanisms that can accelerate the global diffusion
of climate-friendly technologies. The accelerated diffusion of low-carbon
technology innovation can possibly be achieved by interactive processes such
as: (1) mutually reinforcing cycles of policy-induced domestic market growth,
innovation, and policy feedback; (2) lead markets and political lesson-
drawing, the reinforced international adoption of innovations from pioneer
countries; and (3) interaction between the vertical and horizontal dynamics in
multi-level systems of governance. The three mechanisms are not exclusive.
They can overlap and reinforce each other. After a theoretical introduction
they will be described. The empirical focus is on the European system of
multi-level climate governance. The paper draws some final conclusions for
policy makers
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines Konzepts
Der Beitrag gibt – unter Rückgriff auf eigene Forschungen zum Thema – einen
Überblick über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des für die Umweltstrategie wichtig
gewordenen Konzepts der „ökologische Modernisierung“. Der Begriff beschreibt
in seiner ursprünglichen Fassung das große Segment möglicher
Umweltverbesserungen, die durch technischen Fortschritt jenseits von End-of-
pipe-Ansätzen und diesseits von weitergehenden strukturellen Lösungen zu
erzielen sind. Dabei kommt dem Mechanismus der Innovationsdiffusion eine
spezielle Bedeutung zu, zumal dann, wenn es um die Entwicklung einer globalen
Strategie der ökologischen Modernisierung geht. Von besonderem Interesse ist
das Wechselspiel von Politik und Technik in diesem Prozess. In aller Regel
weisen technisch lösbare Umweltprobleme umweltpolitisch einen geringeren
Schwierigkeitsgrad auf als solche, die strukturelle Eingriffe erfordern. Der
Begriff der ökologischen Modernisierung könnte – im Gegensatz zu weiteren
Fassungen - dieses ökonomischtechnische Potenzial akzentuieren und so die
Abgrenzung des schwierigeren Pensums eines ökologischen Struktur- und
Lebensstilwandels erleichtern.The article gives an analysis of the possibilities and limits of the concept
of ecological modernisation. The concept was used already in the early 1980s
to describe the common field of ecology and economy. The focus was on
technological progress reducing the environmental impact of production and
consumption. Hajer and other authors had a broader definition of the concept.
But it could make sense to differentiate technical non-technical solutions
(the latter being less compatible with the economic system). The limits to
eco-modernisation strategies and the need for „structural“ solutions could
possibly better be demonstrated by the earlier concept. A policy for
ecological modernisation may be defined as the sum of government actions aimed
to stimulate environmental innovations and their diffusion. Higher eco-
efficiency - instead of end-of-pipe measures - is its main objective. But
innovation is a highly difficult task, especially for governments. No simple
„instrumentalistic“ solution is available. Therefore, a more complex policy
pattern will be necessary. A more global policy approach would be the
stimulation of „green“ lead markets. As a rule a complex interplay between
political and technical innovation and diffusion can be observed
lessons from best practice
This paper describes eight selected "best practice" cases of the acceleration
of technical progress in climate policy. These are cases in which the
diffusion of low-carbon technologies has been accelerated by policies,
involving not just renewable energies, but also energy efficiency policies
(the latter being considered more difficult). The author's objective is to
describe the phenomenon and its variants, as well as offering a theoretical
interpretation, which focuses on the interplay of three feedback mechanisms
subject to demanding targets. Conclusions are then drawn from these sections
for an ambitious climate policy that addresses both the acceleration in
climate change and the competition for lowcarbon technologies in industrial
policies
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