3,917 research outputs found
Threshold Photo/Electro Pion Production - Working Group Summary
We summarize the pertinent experimental and theoretical developments in the
field of pion photo- and electroproduction in the threshold region. We discuss
which experiments and which calculations should be done/performed in the
future.Comment: plain TeX (macro included), 6pp, summary talk presented at the
workshop on "Chiral Dynamics: Theory and Experiments", MIT, July 25-29, 199
Reshaping Platform-Driven Digital Markets
The market size and strength of the major digital platform companies has invited international concern about how such firms should best be regulated to serve the interests of wider society, with a particular emphasis on the need for new antitrust legislation. Using a normative innovation systems approach, this chapter investigates how current antitrust models may insufficiently address the value-extracting features of existing data-intensive and platform-oriented industry behaviour and business models. To do so, it employs the concept of economic rents to investigate how digital platforms create and extract value. Two forms of rent are elaborated: ānetwork monopoly rentsā and āalgorithmic rentsā. By identifying such rents more precisely, policymakers and researchers can better direct regulatory investigations, as well as broader industrial and innovation policy approaches, to shape the features of platform-driven digital markets
Challenge-Driven Innovation Policy: Towards a New Policy Toolkit
Policy makers are increasingly embracing the idea of using industrial and innovation
policy to tackle the āgrand challengesā facing modern societies. This article argues that
through well-defined goals, or more specifically āmissionsā, that are focused on solving
important societal challenges, policymakers have the opportunity to determine the direction of growth by making strategic investments across many different sectors and
nurturing new industrial landscapes, which the private sector can develop further, and
as a result induce cross-sectoral learning and increase macroeconomic stability. This
āmission-orientedā approach to industrial policy is not about ātop downā planning by an
overbearing state; it is about providing a direction for growth and increasing business
expectations about future growth areas and catalysing activity that otherwise would not
happen. It is not about de-risking and levelling the playing field, nor about supporting
more competitive sectors over less since the market does not always āknow bestā but
tilting the playing field in the direction of the desired societal goals, such as the
sustainable development goals. To achieve this requires a different policy framework,
what we call the āROARā framework, which involves strategic thinking about the desired
direction of travel (Routes), the structure and capacity of public sector Organisations, the
way in which policy is Assessed and the incentive structure for both private and public
sectors (Risks and Rewards). The article argues that if we want to take grand challenges
such as the SDGs seriously as policy goals, market shaping should become the overarching approach followed in various policy fields
On the Non-renormalization of the AdS Radius
We show that the relation between the 't Hooft coupling and the radius of AdS
is not renormalized at one-loop in the sigma model perturbation theory. We
prove this by computing the quantum effective action for the superstring on
AdS_5 x S^5 and showing that it does not receive any finite alpha' corrections.
We also show that the central charge of the interacting worldsheet conformal
field theory vanishes at one-loop.Comment: 13 pages, harvmac. v2: refs added, version to be published on JHE
Microwave imaging reflectometry for the measurement of turbulent fluctuations in tokamaks
Internal transport barriers in the National Spherical Torus Experiment
In the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 41, 1435 (2001)], internal transport barriers (ITBs) are observed in reversed (negative) shear discharges where diffusivities for electron and ion thermal channels and momentum are reduced. While neutral beam heating can produce ITBs in both electron and ion channels, high harmonic fast wave heating can also produce electron ITBs (e-ITBs) under reversed magnetic shear conditions without momentum input. Interestingly, the location of the e-ITB does not necessarily match that of the ion ITB (i-ITB). The e-ITB location correlates best with the magnetic shear minima location determined by motional Stark effect constrained equilibria, whereas the i-ITB location better correlates with the location of maximum ExB shearing rate. Measured electron temperature gradients in the e-ITB can exceed critical gradients for the onset of electron thermal gradient microinstabilities calculated by linear gyrokinetic codes. A high-k microwave scattering diagnostic shows locally reduced density fluctuations at wave numbers characteristic of electron turbulence for discharges with strongly negative magnetic shear versus weakly negative or positive magnetic shear. Reductions in fluctuation amplitude are found to be correlated with the local value of magnetic shear. These results are consistent with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations predicting a reduction in electron turbulence under negative magnetic shear conditions despite exceeding critical gradients.X1128sciescopu
Dark Matter and Pseudo-flat Directions in Weakly Coupled SUSY Breaking Sectors
We consider candidates for dark matter in models of gauge mediated
supersymmetry breaking, in which the supersymmetry breaking sector is weakly
coupled and calculable. Such models typically contain classically flat
directions, that receive one-loop masses of a few TeV. These pseudo-flat
directions provide a new mechanism to account for the cold dark matter relic
abundance. We discuss also the possibility of heavy gravitino dark matter in
such models.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures. v2: comments, refs adde
Vanishing Viscosity Limits and Boundary Layers for Circularly Symmetric 2D Flows
We continue the work of Lopes Filho, Mazzucato and Nussenzveig Lopes [LMN],
on the vanishing viscosity limit of circularly symmetric viscous flow in a disk
with rotating boundary, shown there to converge to the inviscid limit in
-norm as long as the prescribed angular velocity of the
boundary has bounded total variation. Here we establish convergence in stronger
and -Sobolev spaces, allow for more singular angular velocities
, and address the issue of analyzing the behavior of the boundary
layer. This includes an analysis of concentration of vorticity in the vanishing
viscosity limit. We also consider such flows on an annulus, whose two boundary
components rotate independently.
[LMN] Lopes Filho, M. C., Mazzucato, A. L. and Nussenzveig Lopes, H. J.,
Vanishing viscosity limit for incompressible flow inside a rotating circle,
preprint 2006
- ā¦