Typical engineer's tasks and technological changes in automation

W artykule zaprezentowano kilka aplikacji systemów pomiarowych i systemów sterowania, zrealizowanych w różnych technologiach. Zaprezentowane przykłady pokazują typowe zadania inżynierskie oraz ilustrują przemiany technologiczne, jakie dokonały się w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat.The paper presents several applications of the measuring systems and the control systems realised in various technologies. The examples presented show the typical engineering tasks and illustrate the technological changes made during several dozen last years

Signal Processing and Analysis of Pathological Speech Using Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Methods

In this paper, selected results are presented of research which is carried on for over a decade and covers valuation of chosen signal processing methods suitable to analyze and valuate pathological speech. This valuation is necessary during solving many medical diagnostics problems and when planning therapy and rehabilitation of certain types of diseases. All presented examples are used in clinical practice in the area of dentistry, dental surgery, otolaryngology and most of all, in phoniatrics and speech correction

Specificity of analysis of biomedical signals using brainstem auditory evoked potentials as the example

Analiza procesów zachodzących w żywym organizmie z uwagi na jego właściwości odbiega od analizy technicznych układów dynamicznych. Również metody akwizycji i wstępnego przetwarzania sygnałów biomedycznych (generowanych przez organizm) oraz ich przetwarzanie wymaga, aby sygnały te były traktowane inaczej niż sygnały zbierane z urządzeń technicznych. W pracy przedstawiono specyfikę przetwarzania i analizy sygnałów biomedycznych na przykładzie przebiegów słuchowych potencjałów wywołanych pnia mózgu - ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response). Są one wyrazem aktywności elektrycznej nerwu słuchowego i dróg słuchowych w pniu mózgu, jaka powstaje na skutek stymulacji akustycznej. Słuchowe potencjały wywołane pnia mózgu stosowane są w praktyce klinicznej przede wszystkim do obiektywnej oceny progu słyszenia oraz w diagnostyce różnicowej zaburzeń słuchu.In view of its qualities analysis of processes occurring inside living organism is different from analysis of dynamical systems. Also signal acquisition and preprocessing methods used with biomedical signals (generated by organism) and their processing requires that they should be treated differently than signals gathered from technical devices. In this research specificity of processing and analysis of biomedical signals using Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) as the example is introduced. These responses are indicative of acoustic nerve and tracts electrical activity in brain stem, which came into being as the result of acoustic stimulation. Auditory Brainstem Responses are used in clinical practice mainly to objectively estimate hearing are used in clinical practice mainly to objectively estimate hearing threshold and in differential diagnosis of hearing disorders

ECG NOISE MODELLING IN TIME-FREQUENCY DOMAIN USING THE POLYNOMIAL EXTRAPOLATION

Abstract: The paper presents a new ECG-dedicated noise removal technique. The proposed algorithm makes use of the local bandwidth variability of cardiac electrical representation. Background activities of any origin (muscle, mains interference etc.) are measured in specified regions of the time-frequency plane. Outside of these regions, where normally the cardiac representation components are expected, we use the square polynomial extrapolation to estimate the noise level. The partially measured and partially calculated time-frequency representation of the noise is arithmetically subtracted from the noisy signal and the inverse time-frequency transform yields noise-free cardiac representation. The algorithm was tested with use of the CSE Database records with the addition of the MIT-BIH Database noise patterns

Measurement of the dynamics of an object in an automatic control system

Przedstawiony tekst opisuje wybrane sposoby pomiaru dynamiki obiektu. Przedstawiono klasyczne procedury wyznaczania parametrów uproszczonego modelu obiektu Küpfmüllera i Strejca oraz sposoby doboru optymalnych nastaw regulatora typu PID. Opisano wykorzystanie metody momentów do wyznaczania parametrów dla modelu Strejca. Przeprowadzono badania symulacyjne proponowanych metod. Badania te ukazują, jak w sposób praktyczny zastosować proponowane modele opisu dynamiki obiektu.The paper describes the ways of creation of the dynamics model of objects used in automatic control systems. In a closed control system, a continuous controller of the PID type is applied. To obtain a stable automatic control system, the controller settings should be selected. These parameters depend on the object dynamics, the kind of disturbances occurring in the system and the quality criteria accepted. There was undertaken the problem of creation of simplified object dynamics descriptions used in investigations for closed automatic control systems. Analytical, graphical and simulation methods were proposed for determination of parameters in simplified systems. The investigations were performed in Matlab Simulink simulation programs. The selection of the dynamic parameters of objects was made for the Küpfmüller model and the Strejc models (of the second, third and fourth order). The use of simulation methods will enable showing in a practical way, how to realize the object dynamics measurements. The investigations conducted confirmed the possibility of using the method proposed and, in particular, the method of the moments of the step response of the object for determination of simplified control object models. The simulation results obtained show how the solutions proposed may be applied in a practical way

A diagnostic module for building automation in the KNX system

W artykule przedstawiono układ do diagnostyki inteligentnych instalacji elektrycznych w systemie KNX. Zadaniem układu jest określenie stanu pracy instalacji za pomocą zarejestrowanych w magistrali komunikacyjnej telegramów. Schemat układu pomiarowego służącego do pomiaru telegramów transmisyjnych w systemie KNX przedstawiony jest na rys. 1. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły opracować komplementarny algorytm służący do pomiaru oraz szczegółowej analizy telegramów transmisyjnych. W efekcie końcowym program generuje macierz o wymiarach [m, 8], gdzie m jest to liczba ramek w telegramie, która jest uwarunkowana od długości słowa użytecznego. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły stwierdzić skuteczność działania algorytmu oraz efektywność działania programu oraz wypracować podstawy do zaprototypowania uniwersalnego urządzenia służącego do diagnostyki systemów KNX.The paper presents a diagnostic system for intelligent electrical installations KNX. The purpose of the system is to determine the status of the installation by registered communication telegram. The schematic diagram of the measurement system used to measure the transmission of telegrams KNX is shown in Figure 1. Measuring and testing the transmission of telegrams KNX requires special measurement systems, responsive to rapidly changing signals with average values of amplitude. This is because recording in the telegram large number of bits. The study made it possible to develop a complementary algorithm for measurement and detailed analysis of the transmission of telegrams. As the final effect, the program generates a matrix of dimensions [m, 8], where m is the number of frames in the telegram, which is determined by the useful word length. The study enabled determining the effectiveness of the algorithm and the program as well as developing the basis for prototyping a universal device for the diagnosis of KNX

Cultural Aspects of Computer Networks in Tennis [Invited paper]

No abstract available

Effect of material and process variability on the formability of aluminium alloys

Automotive parts are increasingly being manufactured to be lighter and stronger to minimise the environmental impact and to improve the crash performance of automobiles. The materials that are being used to achieve these aims tend to have lower formabilities compared to the traditionally used mild steel. This is particularly true for cold forming operations. As a consequence of the smaller forming window that is available, there is a greater need to understand the safety margins that are applied when manufacturing parts made from these materials. These safety margins are determined by estimations of the impact of material and process variabilities on formability as well as the attitude that is adopted towards risk. This study looked at the impact of material and process variabilities on the cold formability of two aluminium grades: AA6111-T4 and AA5754-O. The forming factors studied included changes to overall material properties, tool surface roughness, quantity of lubricant, tooling temperature and gauge. Because of the complexity of the forming process, the problem was reduced to a study of formability under plane strain stretch conditions. Particular emphasis was placed in quantifying the temperature of tooling during cold forming and understanding its effect on formability. It was found that the safety factor applied to AA5754-O can be lower than that used for AA6111-T4