Differences in glucose control in type 1 diabetes mellitus after bicycling and after yoga

Physical activity (PA) is an important recommendation for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. However, it is commonly thought that higher intensities result in elevating the risk of hypoglycemia immediately after physical activity. We present a case report of a diabetes patient whose blood glucose levels dropped more immediately after low-level aerobic intensity yoga exercises compared with the level drop immediately after high-level aerobic intensity bicycling exercises. The results suggest that due to the difficulty in predicting the glycemic response to physical exercise it is important to better prepare T1DM patients when prescribing them with PA

Massive empyema caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an adult: A case report

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is responsible for more than 20% of community acquired pneumonia cases, and capable of causing upper respiratory illness as well. Complications of M.pneumoniae infections include CNS involvement but other as pericarditis were also reported. The lack of feasible culture methods and under appreciation of the pathogens ability to cause invasive disease leads to reduced number of diagnosed M.pneumoniae related complications. In contrast to many other respiratory pathogens causing pneumonia, M. pneumoniae related severe pleural complications were almost never reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a previously healthy 57 years old woman presented with indolent massive right pleural effusion, leukocytosis and elevated ESR. Extensive microbiological evaluation didn't reveal any pathogen in the pus even before antibiotic treatment was started. Surprisingly, M.pneumoniae DNA was detected in the pus from the empyema using PCR designed to detect M.pneumoniae. A serological assay (Serodia-Myco II) using convalescent serum was indeterminate with a titer of 1:80. The patient responded well to a treatment that included right thoracotomy with pleural decortication and a combination of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications. CONCLUSION: M.pneumoniae related empyema was never reported before in adult patients and was reported in only a few pediatric patients. In our patient there was no evidence to any common pathogens even before initiating antibiotic treatment. The only pathogen detected was M.pneumoniae. In this patient, serology was not helpful in establishing the diagnosis of M.pneumoniae related diseases, as was suggested before for older patients. We suggest that M.pneumoniae related empyema is probably under-diagnosed complication due to insensitivity of serology in older patients and under use of other diagnosis methods

Non-Contact, Continuous Sampling of Porous Surfaces for the Detection of Particulate and Adsorbed Organic Contaminations by Low-Temperature Plasma Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Chemical analysis of hazardous surface contaminations, such as hazardous substances, explosives or illicit drugs, is an essential task in security, environmental and safety applications. This task is mostly based on the collection of particles with swabs, followed by thermal desorption into a vapor analyzer, usually a detector based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). While this methodology is well established for several civil applications, such as border control, it is still not efficient enough for various conditions, as in sampling rough and porous surfaces. Additionally, the process of thermal desorption is energetically inefficient, requires bulky hardware and introduces device contamination memory effects. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) has been demonstrated as an ionization and desorption source for sample preparation-free analysis, mostly at the inlet of a mass spectrometer analyzer, and in rare cases in conjunction with an ion mobility spectrometer. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, the operation of a simple, low cost, home-built LTP apparatus for desorbing non-volatile analytes from various porous surfaces into the inlet of a handheld IMS vapor analyzer. We show ion mobility spectra that originate from operating the LTP jet on porous surfaces such as asphalt and shoes, contaminated with model amine-containing organic compounds. The spectra are in good correlation with spectra measured for thermally desorbed species. We verify through LC-MS analysis of the collected vapors that the sampled species are not fragmented, and can thus be identified by commercial IMS detectors

Różnice w kontroli glikemii w cukrzycy typu 1 po jeździe na rowerze i sesji jogi — opis przypadku

Aktywność fizyczna jest ważnym zaleceniem dla chorych na cukrzycę typu 1. Powszechnie uważa się jednak, że wyższa intensywność wysiłku fizycznego skutkuje zwiększeniem ryzyka hipoglikemii bezpośrednio po treningu. W artykule przedstawiono przypadek chorej na cukrzycę, u której stężenie glukozy we krwi bezpośrednio po sesji jogi, podczas której wykonywała ćwiczenia aerobowe o niskiej intensywności, obniżyło się bardziej niż bezpośrednio po ćwiczeniach aerobowych o wysokiej intensywności w postaci jazdy na rowerze. Wyniki sugerują, że ze względu na to, że trudno przewidzieć odpowiedź glikemiczną na wysiłek fizyczny, ważne jest lepsze przygotowanie chorych na cukrzycę typu 1, którym zaleca się aktywność fizyczną

Massive empyema caused by <it>Mycoplasma pneumoniae </it>in an adult: A case report

Abstract Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae is responsible for more than 20% of community acquired pneumonia cases, and capable of causing upper respiratory illness as well. Complications of M.pneumoniae infections include CNS involvement but other as pericarditis were also reported. The lack of feasible culture methods and under appreciation of the pathogens ability to cause invasive disease leads to reduced number of diagnosed M.pneumoniae related complications. In contrast to many other respiratory pathogens causing pneumonia, M. pneumoniae related severe pleural complications were almost never reported. Case presentation We report a previously healthy 57 years old woman presented with indolent massive right pleural effusion, leukocytosis and elevated ESR. Extensive microbiological evaluation didn't reveal any pathogen in the pus even before antibiotic treatment was started. Surprisingly, M.pneumoniae DNA was detected in the pus from the empyema using PCR designed to detect M.pneumoniae. A serological assay (Serodia-Myco II) using convalescent serum was indeterminate with a titer of 1:80. The patient responded well to a treatment that included right thoracotomy with pleural decortication and a combination of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications. Conclusion M.pneumoniae related empyema was never reported before in adult patients and was reported in only a few pediatric patients. In our patient there was no evidence to any common pathogens even before initiating antibiotic treatment. The only pathogen detected was M.pneumoniae. In this patient, serology was not helpful in establishing the diagnosis of M.pneumoniae related diseases, as was suggested before for older patients. We suggest that M.pneumoniae related empyema is probably under-diagnosed complication due to insensitivity of serology in older patients and under use of other diagnosis methods.</p

Hg/Molecular Monolayer-Si Junctions: Electrical Interplay between Monolayer Properties and Semiconductor Doping Density

Metal-organic molecule-semiconductor junctions are controlled not only by the molecular properties, as in metal-organic molecule-metal junctions, but also by effects of the molecular dipole, the dipolar molecule-semiconductor link, and molecule-semiconductor charge transfer, and by the effects of all these on the semiconductor depletion layer (i.e., on the internal semiconductor barrier to charge transport). Here, we report on and compare the electrical properties (current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and work function) of large area Hg/organic monolayer-Si junctions with alkyl and alkenyl monolayers on moderately and highly doped n-Si, and combine the experimental data with simulations of charge transport and electronic structure calculations. We show that, for moderately doped Si, the internal semiconductor barrier completely controls transport and the attached molecules influence the transport of such junctions only in that they drive the Si into inversion. The resulting minority carrier-controlled junction is not sensitive to molecular changes in the organic monolayer at reverse and low forward bias and is controlled by series resistance at higher forward bias. However, in the case of highly doped Si, the internal barrier is smaller, and as a result, the charge transport properties of the junction are affected by changing from an alkyl to an alkenyl monolayer. We propose that the double bond near the surface primarily increases the coupling between the organic monolayer and the Si, which increases the current density at a given bias by increasing the contact conductance

Specific and Label‐Free bioFET Sensing of the Interaction Between the Electrically Neutral Small Estriol Molecule and Its Antibody in a Microliter Drop of Diluted Plasma

Abstract The sensing of small molecules is important to a variety of fields and particularly to clinical diagnostics. Estriol is an important small chemical molecule, as it is one of three markers measured during mid‐gestation for the Down syndrome. Point‐of‐care testing of estriol will increase maternal compliance for aneuploidy mid‐gestation screening. A bioFET technology is a promising point‐of‐care platform. The meta‐nano‐channel (MNC) bioFET is employed with its tunable channel configuration to optimize the coupling between the electrostatics of the estriol‐receptor interactions and the electrodynamics of the conducting readout current. Also, the MNC bioFET receptor layer is composed of anti‐estriol antibodies to address the high structural similarity of estriol to other estrogens. Despite the small size and the electrical neutrality of estriol, real‐time is demonstrated, specific, and label‐free sensing of estriol in 0.5 µL of 1:100 diluted plasma with excellent linearity, sensitivity, dynamic range extending to ten orders of magnitude in estriol concentration and limit‐of‐detection of 1 fg mL−1. Extensive control and non‐specific measurements are reported including the response to other neutral members of the estrogen family