Valence rating for the four categories.

<p>The asterisk represents statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), and the bars indicate the standard error of the mean.</p

The Perception of Aversiveness of Surgical Procedure Pictures Is Modulated by Personal/Occupational Relevance

<div><p>It is well established that emotions are organized around two motivational systems: the defensive and the appetitive. Individual differences are relevant factors in emotional reactions, making them more flexible and less stereotyped. There is evidence that health professionals have lower emotional reactivity when viewing scenes of situations involving pain. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the rating of pictures of surgical procedure depends on their personal/occupational relevance. Fifty-two female Nursing (health discipline) and forty-eight Social Work (social science discipline) students participated in the experiment, which consisted of the presentation of 105 images of different categories (e.g., neutral, food), including 25 images of surgical procedure. Volunteers judged each picture according to its valence (pleasantness) and arousal using the Self-Assessment Manikin scale (dimensional approach). Additionally, the participants chose the word that best described what they felt while viewing each image (discrete emotion perspective). The average valence score for surgical procedure pictures for the Nursing group (M = 4.57; SD = 1.02) was higher than the score for the Social Work group (M = 3.31; SD = 1.05), indicating that Nursing students classified those images as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did. Additionally, the majority of Nursing students (65.4%) chose “neutral” as the word that best described what they felt while viewing the pictures. In the Social Work group, disgust (54.2%) was the emotion that was most frequently chosen. The evaluation of emotional stimuli differed according to the groups' personal/occupational relevance: Nursing students judged pictures of surgical procedure as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did, possibly reflecting an emotional regulation skill or some type of habituation that is critically relevant to their future professional work.</p></div

Affective space: bi-dimensional plot of each image as a function of its mean hedonic valence (y axis) and arousal ratings (x axis).

<p>Each point in the graph represents the mean rating for each picture given by all students (N = 100). Participants judged 80 IAPS images. IAPS unpleasant pictures (triangles); pleasant pictures (circles); neutral pictures (squares).</p

Affective space: Bi-dimensional space consisting of hedonic valence (y axis) and arousal ratings (x axis) for each picture.

<p>For the Social Work group (A), the majority of surgical procedure pictures occupy the lower "defensive motivational system" arm of the space, whereas for the Nursing students (B), they are closer to a neutral "less emotional" area. Each point in the graph represents the mean rating for each picture. IAPS unpleasant pictures (triangles); pleasant pictures (circles); neutral pictures (squares); surgical procedure pictures (stars). (A) Social Work; (B) Nursing.</p

Frequency distribution choice of discrete emotions for the Nursing and Social Work groups: neutral (65.4% and 31.25%, respectively); surprise (13.46% and 0%, respectively); sadness (3.84% and 6.25%, respectively); happiness (1.92% and 0%, respectively); fear (1.92% and 8.33%, respectively); disgust (13.46% and 54.17%, respectively).

<p>None of the groups chose anger as a discrete emotion.</p

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