Modyfikacja włókien z zastosowaniem wybranych technik i nanotechnologii

Praca została sfinansowana ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2013/09/B/ST8/03679Tkaniny wykonywane z włókien naturalnych od niepamiętnych czasów towarzyszyły człowiekowi. Krajem wiodącym w produkcji takich tkanin – przez wiele stuleci – były Chiny. Dlatego też pierwsze krosno ręczne pojawiło się właśnie w tym kraju już w okresie Wiosen i Jesieni (okres Walczących Królestw od 1045 do 256 r. p.n.e). Również w Chinach, podczas panowania dynastii Tang (618-907), w pełni rozwinął się przemysł tekstylny, zwłaszcza jedwabniczy. W Europie natomiast intensywny rozwój przemysłu tekstylnego nastąpił prawie 1000 lat później, dopiero po rewolucji przemysłowej

Deposition of Zinc Oxide on the Materials Used in Medicine. Preliminary Results

This paper presents preliminary results of the direct deposition of nano- and microstructures of zinc oxide on materials used in medicine. The coatings were deposited on cotton gauze and polyamide fabric. During the research the biological activity of these materials was defined. Performed were also tests of doping the ZnO structures with silver obtained. The research has proved that there is a growth of zinc oxide structures both on the gauze and polyamide fabric. The nanostructures deposited on it did not become detached from the surface, even though the material was subjected to ultrasonic rinsing. In addition, good biocidal properties of both of the textile materials modified were found. Furthermore a complex surface analysis of catheters: vascular and urological was made. ZnO was deposited on catheters, but they were characterised by low adhesion

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Glucuronidation and Sulphation of Paracetamol in Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

Background and Objectives Numerous studies have confirmed the influence of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Paracetamol (APAP) is an antipyretic that is commonly used in febrile neutropenia (FN) therapy. APAP is chiefly metabolised by glucuronidation and sulphation. This study assessed the influence of diabetes on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its metabolites: glucuronide (APAP-glu) and sulfate (APAP-sulfate) in FN patients. Methods Patients with FN received single intravenous dose 1000 mg of APAP. The FN patients were allocated to one of two groups: diabetics (DG, n = 7) or non-diabetics (NDG, n = 11). The plasma concentrations of paracetamol and its metabolites were measured with the validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Results Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean [SD]) of APAP in the DG and NDG groups were as follows: Cmax (maximum comcentration) = 21.50 [11.23] vs. 23.42 [9.79] mg/L, AUC 0–t (area under the concentration–time curve) = 44.23 [17.93] vs. 41.43 [14.57] mg·h/L, t1/2kel (elimination half-life) = 2.28 [0.80] vs. 2.11 [0.80] h. In both groups the exposure to APAP was comparable. The study did not reveal differences between the two groups in the pharmacokinetics of APAP-glu and APAP-sulfate. The Cmax and AUC 0–t ratio between the metabolites and APAP were similar. Conclusions No differences in the pharmacokinetics of APAP, APAP-glu and APAP-sulfate in patients with FN indicates that diabetes does not influence glucuronidation and sulfatation of paracetamol

System monitorowania parametrów procesowych linii technologicznej kompozytowych włókien PAN

The aim and scope of this work included the design and practical implementation of a digital monitoring system for the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre spinning process line used for the creation of different PAN based fibres doped with silver (Ag), polyaniline (PANI), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). After the collecting and processing of process parameters, including bath temperatures and the rotational speed of the feeding-receiving points, available in the form of digital data, they were compared with the appearance of fibres obtained (their surface structure and cross-section shape) and with the results of the fibre specific strength (WtP). Archiving of speed and temperature measurement data allowed to create a database combining the process parameters with the parameters of the fibres obtained. Online monitoring of the parameters enabled programmable change of the speed and temperature in important parts of the process in order to develop appropriate production profiles.Celem i zakresem prac było zaprojektowanie i praktyczna realizacja cyfrowego systemu monitorowania linii technologicznej przędzenia włókien poliakrylonitrylowych (PAN) używanej do tworzenia różnych włókien opartych na PAN domieszkowanych srebrem (Ag), polianiliną (PANI), nanorurkami węglowymi (CNT) i chlorkiem 2,3,5-trifenylotetrazoliowy (TTC). Po zebraniu i przetworzeniu parametrów procesu, w tym temperatur kąpieli i prędkości obrotowych punktów rozciągających, dostępnych w postaci danych cyfrowych, porównano je z wyglądem uzyskanych włókien (ich strukturą powierzchni i kształtem przekroju poprzecznego) oraz z wynikami wytrzymałości właściwej włókien (WTP). Archiwizacja danych pomiaru prędkości i temperatury pozwala na stworzenie bazy danych łączącej parametry procesu przędzenia z parametrami uzyskanych włókien. Monitoring parametrów on-line umożliwia programowalną zmianę prędkości i temperatury w ważnych częściach procesu w celu opracowania odpowiednich profili produkcyjnych

Multifunctional Nanocomposite Cellulose Fibers Doped in Situ with Silver Nanoparticles

This paper presents a method for the preparation of nanocomposite cellulose fibers doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles on the structure and properties of fibers. The fibers were obtained by an environmentally friendly method using N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) as a solvent, in a non-polluting closed system. Doping with silver nanoparticles was carried out as a direct (in situ) reduction of Ag+ ions in the presence of a stabilizing agent during the preparation of the spinning solution. SEM images of the surface and cross section of the fibers showed that the distribution of nanoparticles in the fibers’ volume was uniform. The fibers exhibited very good antibacterial properties in relation to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans. Flammability analysis showed that the fibers were subjected to a one-stage combustion process and that the silver nanoparticles reduced the heat release rate (HRR) of the fibers by 36%. TG studies showed that the modification of cellulose fibers with silver nanoparticles promoted the formation of mill scale in the combustion of fibers, which was directly related to the reduction of flammability. Tests of the electrical properties showed that the linear resistance of cellulose fibers containing 3 wt % silver was 108 Ω/cm

The Preparation and Characterization of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyaniline (PAN/PANI) Fibers

The paper presents a method of modifying polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers using polyaniline (PANI). The PAN fibers were doped with polyaniline that was obtained in two different ways. The first consisted of doping a spinning solution with polyaniline that was synthesized in an aqueous solution (PAN/PANI blended), and the second involved the synthesis of polyaniline directly in the spinning solution (PAN/PANI in situ). The obtained fibers were characterized by the methods: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Analysis of the results showed strong interactions between the nitrile groups of polyacrylonitrile and polyaniline in the PAN/PANI in situ fibers. The results of mechanical strength tests indicated that the performance of the PAN/PANI mixture significantly improved the mechanical parameters of polyaniline, although these fibers had a weaker strength than the unmodified PAN fibers. The fibers obtained as a result of the addition of PANI to PAN were dielectric, whereas the PANI-synthesized in situ were characterized by a mass-specific resistance of 5.47 kΩg/cm2

Duration of breastfeeding and psychomotor development in 1-year-old children – Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and child neurodevelopment based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. Material and Methods The current analysis included 501 mother–child pairs. The analysis evaluating the association between the length of breastfeeding and child neurodevelopment considered the following variables: maternal age and body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, parental level of education, marital status, socioeconomic status, child gender, birthweight, type of delivery, preterm delivery, pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco constituents and child day care attendance. Psychomotor development was assessed in 1-year-olds on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development . Results The length of breastfeeding correlated positively with maternal age at delivery (ρ = 0.13), maternal and paternal level of education (ρ = 0.2 and ρ = 0.14 respectively), birthweight (ρ = 0.1) and marital status (ρ = 0.16) (p < 0.05). A negative correlation between the length of breastfeeding and maternal smoking status during the first year after delivery (ρ = –0.19) and weight gain during pregnancy (r = –0.1) was observed (p < 0.05). The association between the duration of breastfeeding and child development was not statistically significant in the model with the inclusion of confounding variables. A significant association between language development and maternal level of education (p = 0.004), gender of the child (p = 0.0007) and maternal weight gain during pregnancy (p = 0.01) was found. A negative association between cognitive development and maternal salivary cotinine during pregnancy (p = 0.03) and a negative association between motor development and maternal smoking status during the first year after delivery (p = 0.007) were also found. Conclusions This study found no significant association between the duration of breastfeeding and child development after adjustment for confounders. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):175–8