Multi-pooling 3D Convolutional Neural Network for fMRI Classification of Visual Brain States

Neural decoding of visual object classification via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is challenging and is vital to understand underlying brain mechanisms. This paper proposed a multi-pooling 3D convolutional neural network (MP3DCNN) to improve fMRI classification accuracy. MP3DCNN is mainly composed of a three-layer 3DCNN, where the first and second layers of 3D convolutions each have a branch of pooling connection. The results showed that this model can improve the classification accuracy for categorical (face vs. object), face sub-categorical (male face vs. female face), and object sub-categorical (natural object vs. artificial object) classifications from 1.684% to 14.918% over the previous study in decoding brain mechanisms

Phenotypic plasticity in the range-margin population of the lycaenid butterfly Zizeeria maha

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many butterfly species have been experiencing the northward range expansion and physiological adaptation, probably due to climate warming. Here, we document an extraordinary field case of a species of lycaenid butterfly, <it>Zizeeria maha</it>, for which plastic phenotypes of wing color-patterns were revealed at the population level in the course of range expansion. Furthermore, we examined whether this outbreak of phenotypic changes was able to be reproduced in a laboratory.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the recently expanded northern range margins of this species, more than 10% of the <it>Z. maha </it>population exhibited characteristic color-pattern modifications on the ventral wings for three years. We physiologically reproduced similar phenotypes by an artificial cold-shock treatment of a normal southern population, and furthermore, we genetically reproduced a similar phenotype after selective breeding of a normal population for ten generations, demonstrating that the cold-shock-induced phenotype was heritable and partially assimilated genetically in the breeding line. Similar genetic process might have occurred in the previous and recent range-margin populations as well. Relatively minor modifications expressed in the tenth generation of the breeding line together with other data suggest a role of founder effect in this field case.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results support the notion that the outbreak of the modified phenotypes in the recent range-margin population was primed by the revelation of plastic phenotypes in response to temperature stress and by the subsequent genetic process in the previous range-margin population, followed by migration and temporal establishment of genetically unstable founders in the recent range margins. This case presents not only an evolutionary role of phenotypic plasticity in the field but also a novel evolutionary aspect of range expansion at the species level.</p

Analysis on Steady-State Vibration of Nonlinear System by Convolution Integral

A method for analyzing steady state vibration of a system with localized nonlinear springs by convolution integral is proposed. Scale of the nonlinear problem can be reduced by using localization of the nonlinear springs in the method. First, equation of motion with the convolution integral of nonlinear restoring force which is treated as an external force is made, second, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations on discrete-time history of unit period is derived and finally the nonlinear algebraic equations is solved with the harmonic balance method. Stable and unstable condition of the steady state vibration can be distinguished by the present method and the impulse response required can be also measured in the experiment because of the merit of the convolution integral. Two examples are shown and the validity of the method is discussed in comparison with Runge-Kutta-Gill method or the experiment. © 2000, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved

An isomorphous replacement method for efficient de novo phasing for serial femtosecond crystallography.

SACLAのX線自由電子レーザーを用いた新規タンパク質立体構造決定に世界で初めて成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2015-09-14.Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) holds great potential for structure determination of challenging proteins that are not amenable to producing large well diffracting crystals. Efficient de novo phasing methods are highly demanding and as such most SFX structures have been determined by molecular replacement methods. Here we employed single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering (SIRAS) for phasing and demonstrate successful application to SFX de novo phasing. Only about 20,000 patterns in total were needed for SIRAS phasing while single wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) phasing was unsuccessful with more than 80,000 patterns of derivative crystals. We employed high energy X-rays from SACLA (12.6 keV) to take advantage of the large anomalous enhancement near the LIII absorption edge of Hg, which is one of the most widely used heavy atoms for phasing in conventional protein crystallography. Hard XFEL is of benefit for de novo phasing in the use of routinely used heavy atoms and high resolution data collection