The identical stone monuments in two separate shrines in Kashobara and Sanjobara, southern part of Saijo Basin, Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan, and the process of its establishing.

本研究では，広島県西条盆地南部にある，約3.2km離れた柏原地区の稲生神社と三升原地区の稲荷神社の境内にある石造物の形状や基数，刻文の比較を行い，両神社内の石造物の構成がほぼ一致することを明らかにした。その原因を明らかにするため，広島県立文書館所蔵の古文書の分析から，両地区や両神社に関する成立経緯を検討した。その結果，両地区が広島藩の主導により同時期に成立した化政期の新田開発地であること，新田開発を進めた藩の役人や賀茂郡内の割庄屋が両地区で同じ人物であり，彼らが神社建立の寄附を行ったことが，両神社内の石造物の構成が一致した原因であることを明らかにした。両神社の位置が入植前の村の境付近にあることから，神社建立の目的は，豊作の祈願だけでなく，近隣の異なる地区から入植者した人々を束ねる，紐帯のシンボルとしての目的があったとみなせる。これらの石造物の存在は，新田開発が両地区で同時に行われたことが忘れ去られている今日，両地区の歴史を伝える貴重な文化財といえる。本稿の内容の一部は，地理科学学会春季学術大会（2018年6月2日）にて口頭発表を行なった

Mapping of an abandoned irrigation channel in the southern part of Saijo Basin, Higashi-Hiroshima city, Southwest Japan, and its significance

東広島市西条盆地南部に位置する柏原（かしょうばら）地区は，段丘面上に広がる近世後期の新田開発地である。柏原地区の農業用水を確保するために中の峠（たお）池（現深道池）が造築されたが，池の集水域が狭く慢性的に水不足であった。そのため，池の集水域と異なる小田山川の集水域内の山麓に用水路を築き，中の峠池に水をもたらしてきた。現在は別の導水トンネル（中の峠隧道）ができたため，この用水路は30 年以上前に放棄されている。本研究では，現地調査によって用水路の構造のマッピングを行い，さらに古文書の解読によって造築の経緯の一端を明らかにした。本研究は，郷土の発展の痕跡である歴史的な文化財を後世に伝えるだけでなく，今後増加すると考えられる放棄用水路のマッピングの先駆的な事例として意義があると考えられる。A village of Kashobara was established by new reclamation work for rice field in early 19th-century in the southern part of Saijo Basin, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Southwest Japan. Local villagers built a pond named "Nakanotao pond" for irrigation close to the village. Because its water was always little due to its too small catchment area, it was very difficult to crop rice properly. Then local villagers made an irrigation channel to put additional water into the pond from out of its catchment. As a newly tunnel for irrigation was made in 90 years ago, the channel has been abandoned over 30 years. The objects of this study are 1) mapping of the abandoned channel by geophysical field survey, and 2) analysis of historical record related the abandoned channel. This study contributes a record of local heritage of civil engineering, and is regarded as a pioneer study for mapping of abandoned channel, numbers of which will increase in Japan.本稿の内容の一部は，2018年度地理科学学会春季学術大会（2018年6月2日，於広島大学大学院文学研究科）にて口頭発表を行った

Additional data on the stone monuments related to flood and debris flow disasters in Hiroshima Prefecture, southwest Japan, and the historical transition of those monuments.

本稿では，情報提供により新たに見いだした10 基の広島県内の水害碑の特徴について記載した上で，県内における近世の後半から現在までに建立された50 基の水害碑の歴史的変遷を明らかにする。県内の水害碑の全50基の属性（建立年，碑の縦横比，使用している文字，碑文の内容，文字数）を整理した結果，明治前～中期と，1950年代の二つの時期で碑の属性が大きく変わることが明らかになった。明治前～中期以降から1950年代までの碑は，縦長からなること，漢文や漢字片仮名交じり文からなること，被災や復旧に関する情報が豊富であること，災害からの復旧に尽力した個人を顕彰するものがあること，天皇からの下賜金を示すものがあることの特徴を持つ。1950年代以降の碑は，漢字平仮名交じり文からなること，被災や復旧に関する記述が少ないこと，慰霊を建立目的とする碑が多くなること，70年代以降には横長の碑が認められることの特徴をもつ。The inscriptions on 10 stone monuments related to flood or debris flow disasters in Hiroshima Prefecture, southwest Japan, were described. In total, there are 50 monuments in Hiroshima Prefecture based on our previous data and these additional data. Two turning points in the 1880s and 1950s were recognized based on the characteristics of the monuments in terms of their inscription contents, volume of contents, ratio of height and length of the monuments, and use of written language. Few monuments were built before the 1880s and their contents were less informative. Monuments erected from the 1880s to the 1950s were taller; their contents were characterized as detailed information relating to damage or restoration and were inscribed using kanbun, Chinese characters only, or kanji characters with katakana. The inscriptions on some monuments expressed residents’ appreciation for solatium from the Emperor or honored a person who contributed to the restoration after disaster. Fewer monuments built after the 1950s acknowledged disaster damage or restoration, and their contents were less informative, but more monuments were memorialized victims with a short message. The characters inscribed on these monuments were kanji with hiragana. Wider monuments were observed after the 1970s

An investigation of the Hachihonmatsu branch of the Hiroshima Army Weapon Supply Depot using US aerial photographs, and the proposal of a utilization method

本稿の目的は，戦争遺跡である広島陸軍兵器補給廠八本松分廠（以下，補給廠）の痕跡を空中写真の判読と現地調査から明らかにすると共に，戦争遺跡の活用に向けた情報の整理と活用方法を提案することである。空中写真の判読では，弾薬庫もしくは火薬庫と見られる構造物を36 棟確認した。現地調査では，刈又池周辺において陸軍の軍用地を示す石標13基，弾薬庫周辺を囲む土塁を確認した。本調査により，補給廠の構造物の分布状況や痕跡を示す戦争遺跡の存在が明らかになった。活用方法の提案については，学校教育と社会教育におけるそれぞれの活用法を検討し，地域に残された戦争遺跡を活用する上で求められる事と活用意義を提示した。学校教育においては，平和学習にとらわれない活用方法を提案し，社会教育については，戦争遺跡群として面的な理解を促すガイドマップを作製した。本稿は，これまで調査が十分にされてこなかった戦争遺跡の再調査と活用を促す一助になると期待される。This paper has two purposes. The first is to discover traces of the Hachihonmatsu branch of the Hiroshima Army Weapon Supply Depot (hereinafter referred to as the Depot), which is a war site, by identifying aerial photographs and conducting field surveys. The second is to propose a method for organizing and utilizing information on the war ruins for educational purposes. From aerial photographs we identified 36 facilities that appear to have been used for ammunition or gunpowder storage. Next, through our field surveys, we discovered 13 stone marks indicating the boundary of the land owned by the military around Karimata Pond and some banks surrounding the ammunition storage. This survey revealed the distribution and existence of storage in the Depot. We examined how to utilize each in both school and social education and showed what is required and the significance of utilizing the war remains left over in the area. For education at school, we proposed multi methods including learning about peacetime. Regarding social education, we created a map that promotes a comprehensive understanding of the war ruins for citizens and visitors alike. This article is expected to help promote the reinvestigation and utilization of war ruins that have thus far not been thoroughly investigated

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-MEDIA LEARNING PACKAGE COMPOSED OF EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION AND SIMULATED CD-ROM

This study was a trial for developing a multi-media learning package which combines a broadcasting program with other media. NHK School Broadcasting Special Series, "Hearing a Story -Totto-chan-", was chosen for the study, and a learning system incorporating it was constructed. A personal computer connected to simulated CD-ROM was selected as the medium for making maximum use of the strengths and for compensating for the weaknesses of the TV program, which is to improve students\u27 listening ability. A CAI system for producing optimal learning was developed, and its effects were validated

Progress in the beginning stage of new reclamation work in early 19th-century Kashobara, in the southern part of Saijo Basin, Higashi-Hiroshima City, southwestern Japan: Analysis of “Kokugunshi-goyo-kakiagecho, Kamo-gun Kashobara”

本稿は，「国郡志御用書上帳　賀茂郡柏原　ひかへ」の分析を通して，19世紀初頭の東広島市西条盆地南部，柏原における新田開発初期の進捗過程の詳細を明らかにすることを目的とする。本史料は，1825（文政8）年に広島藩の地誌書として完成した『芸藩通誌』の編纂材料として，領内各郡村から藩へ提出された調査報告書である。開発の特徴として，1）入植を伴う新田開発は，広島藩からの指示によって始まったが，水利施設の増築という入植者からの要望が，割庄屋を通して藩へ申し入れられ，それが叶えられていること，2）入植者を増やす方策として，藩が入植者を経済的に支援し，年貢の免除や軽減を認めていることなど，入植者に配慮した藩の手厚い対応が垣間見られた。また，本稿では，水利施設に関する記載内容の合理的な解釈を，絵図や現実の地形条件に基づいて行った。文献史料と絵図・地形図などを組み合わせて活用する方法をとることで，当時の様子を精緻に再現できたところに，分野横断型の研究手法の意義を見出すことができた。We discuss progress during the beginning stage of new reclamation work in early 19th-century Kashobara, in the southern part of Saijo Basin, Higashi-Hiroshima City, through interpretation of the historical document “Kokugunshigoyo-kakiagecho, Kamo-gun Kashobara.” The document is a copy of a report wherein county leaders (Warijoya) wrote geographical descriptions of each village in their county as of the early 19th century, at the order of the Hiroshima Domain; then, in 1825, the Domain compiled the reports as a book entitled “Geihantushi.” This study highlights that 1) the Domain ordered local villagers to engage in reclamation work in local neighborhoods, while villagers demanded through the county leaders that the Domain build irrigation facilities for growing rice (such as ponds and canals), which the Domain agreed to and provided financial support for; and 2) the Domain further supported poor newcomers by reducing their taxes. This case reveals that the Domain treated the local people in the county with kindness, whereas many other Domains were well-known to have ruled farmers heavy-handedly. Although it is difficult to understand some complicated descriptions in the document, such as concerning embankments of the irrigation ponds, we can arrive at reasonable reconstructions by interpreting old drawings and considering the actual topography. This research is a good example of the advantages of cross-disciplinary methods

Development of disaster prevention education video and teaching materials on the theme of local natural disasters: Joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University triggered by the heavy rains in western Japan in July 2018

In this paper, we introduce the production of a disaster prevention education video based on the natural disasters of Higashi-Hiroshima City, and the proposal of lessons using the video through joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University. Introducing the efforts of this project would be help develop disaster prevention education materials in other areas. The project was adopted in early June 2019 and continued for 9 months. The materials are intended for the upper grades of elementary school. The contents are as follows: disaster prevention education video, lesson plan using video, worksheets for lesson, debris flow distribution map, and disaster photos caused by the 2018 heavy rain in each elementary school district, and City hazard map. The video was created by collecting interviews with local residents, movies and photographs of flood monuments, debris flow, public assistance, and local-organized assistance. From the questionnaire results for the video to junior high school students, the video’s content was highly evaluated. It is suggested that it is necessary to raise awareness of disaster prevention by giving lessons based on local natural disasters such as the materials.本論文の内容の一部は，2020年度地理科学学会秋季学術大会で口頭発表しました

Characteristics and distribution of stone monuments at the Higashi-Hiroshima Campus of Hiroshima University

本研究では，広島大学東広島キャンパスを対象として，悉皆調査によりすべての石碑の分布や属性，特徴を明らかにすることで，石碑が有する文化的・歴史的価値を議論する契機となることを目的とした。調査の結果，147基の石碑を確認し，その分布は教育学部と工学部でそれぞれ4割に達し，学部の偏りが顕著であること，建立年代に着目すると，東広島キャンパスの移転前の石碑は103基と全体の約7割で，多くが移転前に建立されたことなどが明らかとなった。広島大学は，医学系学部・研究科・施設をのぞくすべての学部などが東広島キャンパスに移転すると同時に石碑も集まることになった。移設により元々建立された地から離れたことで建立当初の意義を失った側面もあるが，多数の石碑が一つのキャンパスに移設されたことで散逸を防ぎ，前身校から新制広島大学，そして統合移転から現在までの歴史を繋ぐ貴重な資料となり得ることが示唆された

Competency of Education for Interntional Understanding: By analyzing Dircke Geography: For Bilingual Classes in Germany

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of learning units on Education for International Understanding (EIU) and their structure, appropriate geographical teaching materials on EIU, streategies for competence acquisition, and perspectives of ESD within learning units on EIU by analyzing two learning units “Globalisation” and “Global Disparities” in the geography textbook for bilingual lesson ”Diercke Geography: For Bilingual Classes”. The results of the analysis showed that 1)“Globalisation” focuses on the theories of globalisation and “Global Disparities” aims to learn not only theories but also regionl images; 2) Competency is repeatedly acquired through different learning activities ; 3) “Global Disparities” is designed from the viewpoint of “think globally, act locally”

Analysis for the units of regional geography on UK’s geography textbook: The case study of “Geog 4th edition”

In Britain, the volume of “Regional Geography” was decreased in “the National Curriculum”. The aim of this paper is to cralify the contents of “Regional Geography” in Britain. We analyzed the geographical school textbook “Geog 4th edition” by Oxfor University Press. We find that “Geog” has only 2 or 3 case studies in each grade. The students don’t learn all of the world in geographical class. That is because it is important to learn the geographical skill