精神看護学実習についての病棟看護スタッフの意識に関する研究

　本研究の目的は，精神看護学実習における病棟看護スタッフの学生を指導することに対する意識を明らかにし，教員と病棟看護スタッフの連携のあり方を検討することである．A大学が精神看護学実習をした4施設の病棟看護スタッフ190名を対象に，自記式質問紙調査を実施した．質問紙の内容は独自に作成した実習に対する抵抗感，負担感，実習に対する意識に関する質問と抵抗感や負担感への影響要因としての対象者の背景である．回収率73.7％であった．実習前の抵抗感は38人（27.5％）にあり，内容は指導への不安，業務量の増加による多忙が多かった．抵抗感は資格により差があり准看護師に高かった．指導の負担感はあり群47人（34.1％），なし群86人（62.3％）であった．負担感の内容は業務優先の葛藤，業務量の増加が多かった．負担感は指導者の経験，現在指導者か否か，講習会受講の有無，役職の有無に差があった．実習指導によりスタッフの意識は向上心，患者対応の見直し，言葉づかい等で変化した．看護スタッフが感じる実習の患者への影響では，「学生を楽しみにしている」「良い刺激になり良い反応を示している」等の肯定的な捉えと，「負担感，疲労感による症状悪化へのつながり」という否定的な捉えがあった．実習指導での困難は，「関わりの程度がわからない」「複数の学校が実習する戸惑い」「大学の方針が分からない」「指導が困難な学生の態度」であった．抵抗感や負担感を軽減するためには，教員は病棟看護スタッフ全体への働き掛けや実習中の連携，指導に対する支援体制が重要である．実習が負担だけでなく看護師の成長やケアの質の向上につながることを意識できる教員の働きかけが必要である．患者への影響では，患者との距離の取り方に対する指導が重要であるといえる

Association between Mammographic Breast Density and Lifestyle in Japanese Women

A high mammographic breast density is considered to be a risk factor for breast cancer. However, only a small number of studies on the association between breast density and lifestyle have been performed. A cross-sectional study was performed using a survey with 29 questions on life history and lifestyle. The breast density on mammography was classified into 4 categories following the BI-RADS criteria. The subjects were 522 women with no medical history of breast cancer. The mean age was 53.3 years old. On multivariate analysis, only BMI was a significant factor determining breast density in premenopausal women (parameter estimate, －0.403;p value, 0.0005), and the density decreased as BMI rose. In postmenopausal women, BMI (parameter estimate, －0.196;p value, 0.0143) and number of deliveries (parameter estimate, －0.388;p value, 0.0186) were significant factors determining breast density;breast density decreased as BMI and number of deliveries increased. Only BMI and number of deliveries were identified as factors significantly influencing breast density. BMI was inversely correlated with breast density before and after menopause, whereas the influence of number of deliveries on breast density was significant only in postmenopausal women in their 50 and 60s

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Japanese women

Background: Lifestyle factors, including food and nutrition, physical activity, body composition and reproductive factors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk, but few studies of these factors have been performed in the Japanese population. Thus, the goals of this study were to validate the association between reported SNPs and breast cancer risk in the Japanese population and to evaluate the effects of SNP genotypes and lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk. Methods: A case-control study in 472 patients and 464 controls was conducted from December 2010 to November 2011. Lifestyle was examined using a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 16 breast cancer-associated SNPs based on previous GWAS or candidate-gene association studies. Age or multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from logistic regression analyses. Results: High BMI and current or former smoking were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk, while intake of meat, mushrooms, yellow and green vegetables, coffee, and green tea, current leisure-time exercise, and education were significantly associated with a decreased risk. Three SNPs were significantly associated with a breast cancer risk in multivariate analysis: rs2046210 (per allele OR = 1.37 [95% CI: 1.11-1.70]), rs3757318 (OR = 1.33[1.05-1.69]), and rs3803662 (OR = 1.28 [1.07-1.55]). In 2046210 risk allele carriers, leisure-time exercise was associated with a significantly decreased risk for breast cancer, whereas current smoking and high BMI were associated with a significantly decreased risk in non-risk allele carriers. Conclusion: In Japanese women, rs2046210 and 3757318 located near the ESR1 gene are associated with a risk of breast cancer, as in other Asian women. However, our findings suggest that exercise can decrease this risk in allele carriers

The Effect of Maternal Attitudes toward Dentistry on the Dental Status of the Mothers and of Their Children

本論文の要旨は昭和61年6月の第1回日本保健医療行動科学会において発表した

Relationship between Health Behavior and Oral Hygiene in Type Ⅱ Diabetic Patients

本論文の要旨は平成2年11月の第4回中国四国地方(日本交通医学会)において発表した

A tetraester derivative of fluorescent calix[4]arene bearing a proton-ionizable moiety for highly sensitive extraction-fluorometric determination of sodium ion

<p>In this study, we report the highly sensitive extraction-fluorometric detection system of Na⁺ using flow injection analysis with a tetraester derivative of fluorescent calix[4]arene. In liquid-liquid extraction experiments, the fluorescent intensity of calix[4]arene derivative <b>1</b> bearing a <i>p</i>-nitrophenol moiety was highly dependent on pH and the Na⁺ concentration in the aqueous phase. On the other hand, such phenomenon was not observed in the case of calix[4]arene derivative <b>2</b>, which is almost the same structure as <b>1</b> except for a <i>p</i>-nitrophenol moiety. These results show that the proton dissociation of the <i>p</i>-nitrophenol moiety decisively affects the fluorescence intensity of <b>1</b>. Owing to these fluorescence responsiveness, a calibration graph of the Na⁺ concentration could be successfully prepared using flow injection analysis with good linearity at the tens of nanomolar level. The tetraester scaffold of calix[4]arene was essential to the detection of Na⁺ in such a very low concentration range.</p