Cadaveric small bowel and small bowel-liver transplantation in humans

Five patients had complete cadaveric small bowel transplants under FK506 immunosuppression, one as an isolated graft and the other 4 in continuity with a liver. Three were children and two were adults. The five patients are living 2-13 months posttransplantation with complete alimentation by the intestine. The typical postoperative course was stormy, with sluggish resumption of gastrointestinal function. The patient with small intestinal transplantation alone had the most difficult course of the five, including two severe rejections, bacterial and fungal translocation with bacteremia, renal failure with the rejections, and permanent consignment to renal dialysis. The first four patients (studies on the fifth were incomplete) had replacement of the lymphor-eticular cells in the graft lamina propria by their own lymphoreticular cells. Although the surgical and aftercare of these patients was difficult, the eventual uniform success suggests that intestinal transplantation has moved toward becoming a practical clinical service. © 1992 by Williams and Wilkins

Management of intestinal transplantation in humans

We report here the clinical experience and management guidelines for the nine consecutive cases who received either an isolated small intestinal graft (n = 1) or an intestine liver combination at the University of Pittsburgh, with FK 506 being the basic immunosuppressive drug therapy

Construcción sismorresistente en tierra: la gran experiencia contemporánea de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

In many developing countries the most common alternative for dwelling construction is building with earth because the material is abundant and cheap. The quality of most traditional earthen construction is very low, because it is done informally, with little or no technical assistance. In seismic areas where earthen construction is common, every time an earthquake occurs, many dwellings collapse, causing considerable economic losses and tragic injuries and deaths. The professional and academic communities in some seismic countries have not remained indifferent to this important problem. Researchers at the Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) have been investigating on the construction of earthen buildings in seismic areas for about 40 years and have obtained invaluable results. This article describes the evolution of the knowledge generated at PUCP of reinforced earth, a material composed of earth and compatible reinforcements, with which it is possible to build seismic-resistant constructions.En muchos países en vías de desarrollo la alternativa de vivienda más común es la construcción con tierra, pues el material es abundante y barato. La construcción tradicional de viviendas de tierra se realiza informalmente, sin asesoría técnica. Por ello, la calidad de estas construcciones es generalmente muy baja. En zonas sísmicas donde se construye con tierra, cada vez que ocurre un terremoto colapsan muchas construcciones de este material, causando considerables pérdidas económicas y lamentables pérdidas de vidas. Las comunidades académicas y profesionales de algunos países sísmicos no han permanecido impasibles frente a esta grave situación. En el Perú, investigadores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) han venido investigando la construcción con tierra en áreas sísmicas desde hace cerca 40 años y han obtenido invalorables resultados. Este artículo describe la evolución del conocimiento generado en la PUCP del material tierra armada, compuesto por tierra y refuerzos compatibles, que permite lograr construcciones sismorresistentes