Dealing with Disasters: Environmental History of Early Modern Cities (Edo, Istanbul, London, Pest, and Prague)

List of ContributorsForeword Introduction The Ordinary and the Extraordinary in Early Modern Cities / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part I: Aspects of Urban Disasters Chapter 1 Typhoon Damage in 1856 Edo: Integrating Archaeology, Climatology and History / Koichi Watanabe, Junpei Hirano, Hiroyuki Ishigami, and Masumi Zaiki trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 2 The Great Flood in Pest, 1838 / Csaba Katona Chapter 3 Fire Disasters in European Cities, 1600-1800 David Garrioch Comment Disaster of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 / Akira Horichi trans. by Yoko Onodera Part II: Disasters and Responses Chapter 4 Prevent the Big Water. Flood Control Measures in Prague (Bohemia) Issued by Public Administrative Bodies in Late 18th Century / Ondřej Hudeček Chapter 5 Citizens’ Awareness of Firefighting in Edo: Analysing Eighteenth-Century Textbooks on Firefighting / Reiji Iwabuchi trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part III: Infrastructure as Artificial Nature Chapter 6 The Ordinary Made Extraordinary: The Archaeology of Water Management in a Global City / Sophie Jackson Chapter 7 Management and Civil Engineering of Urban Water Supply and Sewage System in Edo as Seen from Archaeological Excavation / Hiroyuki Ishigami trans. by Mina Ishizu Chapter 8 Dredging the Edo Castle\u27s Moat: a Case of the Okayama-Domain Dredging in 1765 / Reiji Iwabuchi trans. by Naoko Nomoto Chapter 9 Canal, Dredging and Sedimentation in the Lowland Area of East Edo: Considering Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Canals in a Historical Context / Genki Takahashi trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Part IV: Hinterland and Nature Chapter 10 Flooding in Edo and the Tone-gawa River and Tama-gawa River Systems / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 11 The Great Edo Flood of 1742 and the Okutama Valley / Koichi Watanabe trans. by Hisashi Kuboyama Chapter 12 The Deluge of Istanbul in 1563: a Case of Flood Where There Was No River / Kazuaki Sawai trans. by Yoko Onodera Chapter 13 Storms, Flooding and the Development of London 1300-1500 / Matthew Davies Chapter 14 Bridging London’s River’s General Situation of London, the Thames, the Bridge / Vanessa Hardin

ショクギョウ ト パーソナリティ ケンキュウ ノ シュヨウ ガイネン ト コウゴ サヨウ コウカ

本稿は、Melvin L. Kohn とCarmi Schooler を中心とする職業とパーソナリティ研究を紹介するものである。職業とパーソナリティ研究とは、アメリカにおける長期的パネル調査と、アメリカ、ポーランド、日本、ウクライナにおける国際比較務査による一連の研究を指している。本稿では、アメリカの第ニ波調査まで取り上げる。まず、初期の代表的著作である、Class and Conformity(Kohn[1969]1977)から、職業とパーソナリティ研究の生まれた経緯を概説する。この著作において、Kohn は、階級・階層が職業の諸条件を決定し、その職業の諸条件が人びとのパーソナリティに影響を及ぼす、と主張した。これを本稿ではClass and Conformity仮説と呼び、職業とパーソナリティ研究の主要概念と基本的な分析視座を提示したものと位置づけた。この仮説は、Work and Personality (Kohn and Schooler 1983)において継続され、発展する。ここで、職業とパーソナリティの因果関係が、一方向から双方向へと捉えなおされたのである。つまり、職業とパーソナリティの間には交互作用効果が存在する。これを本稿では、Work and Personality仮説と呼んだ。この仮説は女性、余暇、家事といった領域へと拡張されていき、彼らのその後の研究における仮説の一般化という流れを方向づけた。This paper reviews studies of work and personality conducted by Melvin L. Kohn, Carmi Schooler and their colleagues since the late 1950s. Their studies are based on the long-term panel surveys in America and cross-national surveys comparing America, Poland, Japan and Ukraine. In this paper, we focus on the main research literature of the first and the second wave panel studies in America. First, we examine Class and Conformity (Kohn [1969]1977). In this book, Kohn constructed the fundamental concepts and ideas of Work and Personality Studies. The main conclusion of this book is that social stratification position affects an individual' s conditions of work, and these conditions of work in tum affect their personality. We call this causal relationship the “Class and Conformity thesis". The book provides the basic framework for subsequent studies. In Work and Personality (Kohn and Schooler 1983), Kohn and Schooler develop this basic framework further. In this book, they argued that there are reciprocal effects between work and personality. Reciprocal effects mean that work both affects and is affected by personality. We call this relationship the “Work and Personality thesis. They also try to expand the subjects and arenas explained by this thesis. First, they explore whether the thesis is applicable to not only men but also women. Second, they try to apply the thesis to the relationship between personality and leisure time activities or household affairs. These analyses of women, leisure time activities, and household affairs lead to their subsequent studies

日本人の血中脂肪酸組成に及ぼす肥満および加齢の影響

1.健常日本人男性226名の内,肥満者159名,非肥満者67名を村象に,血漿および赤血球膜の脂肪酸組成平均値を測定し,加齢および肥満の影響について比較検討を行った。2.n-3系多価不飽和脂肪酸であるEPA, DHAは加齢に伴い増加傾向にあり,n-6系多価不飽和脂肪酸であるリノール酸には減少傾向が認められた。3.肥満者,非肥満者ともに,加齢に伴いn-3/n-6比が高くなる傾向が認められたが,いずれの年代においても肥満者のn-3/n-6比は非肥満者に比べ低値であることが認められた。4.以上の結果から,現在の日本人の食物油脂摂取状況はほぼ適当と考えられるが,今後の肥満者の増加や若年者の魚離れによりn-3/n-6比が低下することを憂慮し,心臓疾患等の予防のためにも早急なn-3/n-6適性比率を検討することが望まれる。The effect of obese and aging on the human plasma and red blood cells (RBC) membrane fatty acid compositions were examined. Blood samples were obtained from 159 obesity Japanese males and 67 normal weight Japanese males, from each decade of life from 20 to 50 years of age. At the aging effect, positive correlations between the levels of EPA, DHA and n-3/n-6 ratio and aging were obtained in both plasma and RBC membrane for each groups. On the other hand, negative correlations between Linoleic acid and aging was obtained for all of them. The n-3/n-6 ratio were higher for normal weight males than for obesity males in both of plasma and RBC