69 research outputs found
Ekonomska efektivnost investicija u rasadnike za proizvodnju voćnih sadnica
In order to develop and improve fruit production in Serbia it is necessary to invest in establishment of nurseries for production of quality fruit seedlings. Therefore the goal of this paper is to analyze economic efficiency of investments in fruit nurseries. Discounting methods of investment evaluation (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback period) are used to determine profitability of investments in expected circumstances while sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis methods were used to evaluate investments in risky circumstances. It is determined that investments in fruit nurseries are economically efficient even in risky circumstances. Type of nurseries which provide more balanced cash flows is more economically efficient and less risky.Da bi se razvila i unapredila voćarska proizvodnja u Srbiji neophodno je da se investira u zasnivanje rasadnika za proizvodnju kvalitetnih voćnih sadnica. Zbog toga je cilj ovog rada da se analizira ekonomska efektivnost investicija u rasadnike za proizvodnju sadnica voća. Da bi se utvrdila ekonomska efektivnost ovih investicija u očekivanim uslovima poslovanja korišćene su diskontne metode za ocenu investicija (neto sadašnja vrednost, interna stopa rentabilnosti i metoda roka povraćaja) dok su za ocenu investicija u uslovima rizika korišćene analiza osetljivosti i scenario analiza. Utvrđeno je da su investicije u rasadnike za proizvodnju sadnica voća ekonomski opravdane, čak i u rizičnim uslovima poslovanja. Investicija u tip rasadnika koji obezbeđuje uravnoteženije novčane tokove je ekonomski prihvatljivija i manje rizična
Utvrđivanje prinosne vrijednosti staje za muzne krave
The study stresses the importance of milk cow barns for the successful production of milk. The possibility of determining the economic efficiency of investments in the purchase of cow barn was shown by evaluating its yield value under the production conditions of the family farms included in the poll. Based on the results obtained the yield value of milk cow barns using both combined and barn system breeding was found to be greater than its purchase value, i.e. investments in the construction of barns were found justifiable from the economic standpoint. In addition, greater yield value was recorded under the conditions of combined breeding system in relation to the milk cow barn breeding system. The input-output price relationship was found to effect yield value of milk cow barns as well.U radu je najpre istaknut značaj staje za muzne krave za uspješno odvijanje proizvodnje mlijeka, a zatim prikazana mogućnost ocjene ekonomske efektivnosti investicionih ulaganja u pribavljanje staje, utvrđivanjem njene prinosne vrijednosti za uslove proizvodnje na anketiranim porodičnim gazdinstvima. Analizom je utvrđeno da je prinosna vrijednost staje za muzne krave, pri kombinovanom i pri stajskom sistemu gajenja, veća od njene nabavne vrijednosti, tj. da je ulaganje u izgradnju staje ekonomski cjelishodno. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali i da je veća prinosna vrijednost staje pri kombinovanom u odnosu na stajski sistem gajenja muznih krava. Pored toga, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da na visinu prinosne vrijednosti staje za muzne krave, znatno utiče i odnos cijena inputa i autputa
Ekonomska efektivnost ekstenzivne stočarske proizvodnje u Evropskoj uniji
Various types of extensive livestock production are present worldwide, primarily in regions where natural resources such as pastures and meadows could be used. Extensive livestock production is common in the EU, as well. Therefore the goal of this research was to establish economic efficiency of extensive livestock production types and to compare their efficiency with some intensive livestock production types. In order to achieve that goal FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) methodology was used. Source of information was FADN database as well as appropriate sector analysis and publications of European commission. It has been determined that sheep and goat production is competitive with intensive production types (dairy and granivores - pigs and poultry). Cattle production (other than dairy production) proved to be economically inefficient due to low output level.Različiti tipovi ekstenzivne stočarske proizvodnje su prisutni svuda u svetu, prvenstveno u regionima gde se mogu koristiti prirodni resursi, kao što su pašnjaci i livade. Ekstenzivna stočarska proizvodnja je takođe široko rasprostranjena i u Evropskoj uniji. Zbog toga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio da se utvrdi ekonomska efektivnost različitih tipova ekstenzivne stočarske proizvodnje i da se uporedi sa efektivošću intenzivne stočarske proizvodnje. Da bi se taj cilj ostvario korišćena je FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) metodologija. Izvori podataka su bili FADN baza podataka Evroske unije, kao i odgovarajuće sektorske analize i publikacije Evropske komisije. Utvrđeno je da je ovčarska i kozarska proizvodnja konkurentna sa intenzivnim tipovima stočarske proizvodnje (proizvodnja mleka i nepreživari - svinje i živina). Utvrđeno je da govedarska proizvodnja (koja se ne odnosi na proizvodnju mleka) nije ekonomski efikasna usled niskog nivoa outputa koji ostvaruje
Ekonomska efektivnost mehanizovnog ubiranja kamilice
Chamomile as a medicinal and aromatic plant is very important as a valuable product in the world market of medicinal plants. Regardless of that, there have been only a few researches so far concerning economic effects of its production. Costs of chamomile harvesting require special attention as these costs, as a rule, account for a major portion in the structure of total costs. The aim of this paper is to show when it is economically justified to substitute hand harvesting by machine harvesting as well as to determine the largest possible investment in purchasing different harvesters for chamomile harvesting. For that purpose were used enterprise budgeting (analytical calculations) of chamomile production, calculations of costs of agricultural machinery, as well as dynamic methods for investment evaluation (present value method). It was determined that it is economically justified to substitute hand harvesting with mechanized harvesting of chamomile on land area of over 2.5, i.e. 4 ha of chamomile, depending on the harvester type. If harvesters are used on land areas smaller than this economical effectiveness of the investments in purchasing them, i.e. their present value, depends on the harvester type and the land area on which chamomile is grown.Kamilica kao lekovita i aromatična vrsta je od velikog značaja, jer predstavlja značajan artikal na svetskom tržištu lekovitog bilja. Bez obzira na to, do sada postoji samo mali broj istraživanja koja se odnose na ekonomske efekte njene proizvodnje. Posebnu pažnju kod gajenja kamilice treba obratiti na troškove ubiranja, koji po pravilu imaju najveće učešće u strukturi ukupnih troškova. Cilj ovog rada je da utvrdi kada je ekonomski opravdano preći sa ručnog na mašinsko ubiranje kamilice i koliko se najviše može investirati u nabavku različitih kombajna za berbu kamilice. Da bi se to proverilo, korišćene su analitičke kalkulacije proizvodnje kamilice, kalkulacije rada poljoprivrednih mašina, kao i dinamičke metode za ocenu investicija (metod prinosne vrednosti). Utvrđeno je da je ekonomski opravdano preći sa ručnog na mehanizovano ubiranje kamilice na površinama koje prelaze 2,5 odnosno 4 ha kamilice, zavisno od tipa kombajna. Ako se kombajni koriste na površinama manjim od prethodno navedenih, ekonomska efektivnost investicija u njihovu nabavku, odnosno visina njihove prinosne vrednosti, zavisi od tipa kombajna i površine na kojoj se gaji kamilica
Mogućnosti primene MIRR metoda za ocenu investicija u poljoprivredi - primer tova svinja
In the case of some agricultural investments, often net cash flow changes its sign from positive to negative, many times during the project. It causes the problem of internal rate of return calculation, which is an important indicator of economic effectiveness of investments. That is, in such situations, internal rate of return cannot be used. To solve this problem, modified rate of return is applied. This paper aimed to describe this method in detail, and to show its calculation for investments in pigs fattening. By application of modified internal rate of return it is determined that pigs fattening, under assumed conditions, is economically justified. Also, authors calculated the upper limit of discount rate (cost of capital), to which investment in pigs fattening is economically justified. It is concluded that, in the case of specific agricultural investments (such as pigs fattening), the use of traditional internal rate of return could give the wrong image on actual rate of return on investments.Kod nekih investicija u poljoprivredi često se javlja situacija da neto novčani tok menja svoj znak iz pozitivnog u negativni više puta u toku trajanja projekta. To izaziva problem izračunavanja interne kamatne stope, koja je važan indikator ekonomske efektivnosti investicija. Odnosno, u takvim uslovima se interna kamatna stopa ne može koristiti. Da bi se rešio taj problem primenjuje se modifikovana interna kamatna stopa. Cilj ovog rada je da se detaljno opiše ova metoda i prikaže njen način izračunavanja kod investicije u tov svinja. Primenom modifikovane interne kamatne stope utvrđeno je da je tov svinja pod pretpostavljenim uslovima ekonomski opravdan. Takođe je izračunata i gornja granica diskontne stope (troškova kapitala) do koje je investicija u tov svinja ekonomski opravdana. Zaključeno je da kod specifičnih investicija u poljoprivredi (kao što je to tov svinja) upotreba tradicionalne interne kamatne stope može pružiti pogrešnu sliku o stvarnoj stopi povraćaja na investiciona ulaganja
Uticaj tipa govedarske proizvodnje na investicije u savremene objekte i opremu - rezultati anketnog snimanja
Family farms play the most important role in cattle production in Republic of Serbia. These farms are dealing with different types of cattle production, and each production type requires different structure of investments. Questionnaire that involved family farms indicated that some farms invest more in cattle housing, but other farms invest more in modern equipment. Analysis indicated big dependence of necessary investments from cattle production type that exist at family farms. It is also determined that farms which have the biggest total investments in contemporary technical and technological systems in dairy production achieve more favorable business results.Porodična poljoprivredna gazdinstva su nosioci govedarske proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji. Ova se gazdinstva bave različitim tipovima govedarske proizvodnje, a svaki tip proizvodnje zahteva različitu strukturu investicionih ulaganja. Anketa koja je provedena na porodičnim gazdinstvima je pokazala da neka gazdinstva više ulažu u objekte za smeštaj goveda, a neka u modernu opremu. Analiza je pokazala veliku zavisnost potrebnih investicionih ulaganja od tipa govedarske proizvodnje koji je zastupljen na porodičnim gazdinstvima. Takođe je utvrđeno da gazdinstva koja ukupno posmatrano najviše investiraju u savremene tehničko-tehnološke sisteme u proizvodnji mleka ostvaruju bolje rezultate poslovanja
Utvrđivanje koeficijenata ekonomskog selekcijskog indeksa za mlečne krave
There is no research regarding economic effects of genetic improvement for dairy cattle in Serbia. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to determine economic values for various production traits (milk yield, milk fat content and proteins content) in dairy production, as well as to determine total economic selection index. The research is based on data which include 9,516 lactations of 4,893 milking cows from 7 farms. Data were collected during the period 2004 - 2012. Authors used sensitivity analysis and partial budgeting approach to determine changes in revenues caused by variations of particular production traits. It was determined that within economic selection index the most important trait is milk yield, while values for other traits are almost negligible. On the other hand, it is expected that importance of certain traits will be changed after Serbian accession to the European Union.U Republici Srbiji do sada ne postoje istraživanja koja se odnose na ekonomske efekte genetskog unapređenja mlečnih krava. Zbog toga je cilj ovog rada utvrđivanje ekonomske vrednosti za različite proizvodne osobine (prinos mleka u standardnoj laktaciji, sadržaj mlečne masti i sadržaj proteina) u proizvodnji mleka, kao i da utvrdi ukupni ekonomski selekcijski indeks. Istraživanje je bazirano na podacima koji obuhvataju 9.516 laktacija 4.893 muznih krava sa 7 farmi. Podaci su prikupljeni tokom perioda 2004 - 2012. godina. Autori su koristili senzitivnu analizu, kao i metod diferencijalne kalkulacije da bi utvrdili promene u prihodima uzrokovane variranjem pojedinačnih proizvodnih osobina. Utvrđeno je da je u okviru ekonomskog selekcijskog indeksa najvažnija osobina prinos mleka u standardnoj laktaciji, dok su vrednosti ostalih proizvodnih osobina gotovo zanemarljive. Sa druge strane, očekuje se da će se značaj pojedinih proizvodnih osobina promeniti nakon pristupanja Srbije Evropskoj Uniji
Ekonomska analiza uticaja različitih faktora u proizvodnji hrane za krave na cenu mleka
Having on mind that maize silage, corn and alfalfa hay are dominant in dairy cow nutrition, in this paper are made calculations of their production. Total variable costs and variable costs per unit are determined. There are also presented different ways of cow nutrition (different meal structures) used to acquire certain level of milk production per cow. It is determined that material costs dominate in total variable production costs for all types of fodder. Besides, production costs per unit are significantly dependant on yield per hectare. Afterwards, sensitivity analysis is used to investigate change of cow nutrition costs (for different meal structures), depending on change of material costs in fodder production as well as depending on change of yield per hectare.Imajući u vidu da su silažni kukuruz, merkantilni kukuruz i lucerka dominantne kulture koje se koriste u ishrani muznih krava, u radu su sastavljene kalkulacije njihove proizvodnje. U kalkulacijama su utvrđeni ukupni varijabilni troškovi i varijabilni troškovi po jedinici mere. Takođe su prikazani i različiti načini ishrane krava, odnosno različite strukture obroka koje se mogu koristiti da bi se dobila ista količina proizvedenog mleka po kravi. Ustanovljeno je da u strukturi ukupnih varijabilnih troškova proizvodnje kod svih vrsta analizirane stočne hrane dominiraju troškovi materijala, kao i da na visinu troškova po jedinici proizvoda u velikoj meri utiče prinos po hektaru. Nakon toga je u radu, primenom senzitivne analize, praćena promena troškova ishrane krava (pri različitim strukturama obroka) zavisno od promene visine materijalnih troškova proizvodnje stočne hrane i zavisno od prinosa gajenih kultura po hektaru.
INVESTMENTS IN SERBIAN PIG PRODUCTION – INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES
Pig production is one of the most important elements of Serbian livestock breeding sector. Although it faces numerous challenges, there is not enough research focused on its economic effectiveness. The goal of this research is to analyze influence of regional disparities on economic efficiency of investments in Serbian pig production. The main methodological approach was to determine the present value of investments in pig production (for Mačva and Šumadija regions). Authors applied sensitivity and scenario analysis, as well. Riskiness of investments is compared using standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the expected present value. The results indicated significant influence of labor costs on net cash flows (especially in Šumadija region). Analysis revealed that (in usual circumstances) investments in pig production in Mačva region are more economically efficient. Nevertheless, rather small increase in pig price could lead to equal present values in both regions. It was determined that investments are riskier in Šumadija region
Analiza visine i strukture investicionih ulaganja u ovčarske i kozarske farme u Evropskoj uniji i Republici Srbiji
Sheep and goat production is different from other types of livestock production (cattle, pig, poultry production) because it is most commonly extensive, which means that it demands a relatively low level of investments into buildings, equipment and other fixed assets. This paper aims to analyse characteristics of investments into the sheep and goat production in the European Union and compare them to the similar investments in the Republic of Serbia. In order to analyse the state in the EU, data from the appropriate FADN data base were used, as well as the sector analyses conducted for the area of the EU. On the other hand, in order to analyse necessary investments into sheep and goat production in Serbia, available technical and technological data and appropriate literary sources were used. Analysis of construction costs for buildings used in sheep and goat production was done, as well as the calculation of investments into appropriate necessary equipment. It has been noticed that there is a need for enlargement of the sheep and goat farms in Serbia in order to provide a proper living standard for holders of such enterprises.Ovčarska i kozarska proizvodnja razlikuje se od ostalih važnih vrsta stočarske proizvodnje (govedarstva, svinjarstva, živinarstva) po tome što je ona najčešće ekstenzivna, odnosno zahteva relativno nizak nivo ulaganja u objekte, opremu i ostala osnovna sredstva. Cilj rada bio je da se sagledaju karakteristike investicionih ulaganja u ovčarsku i kozarsku proizvodnju u Evropskoj uniji i uporede sa sličnim ulaganjima u Republici Srbiji. Da bi se sagledalo stanje u EU, prvenstveno su se koristili podaci iz odgovarajuće baze podataka FADN-a (engl. Farm Accountancy Data Network), kao i sektorske analize koje su provedene za područje EU. Sa druge strane, za sagledavanje potrebnih investicija u ovčarstvo i kozarstvo u Srbiji upotrebili su se raspoloživi tehnički i tehnološki podaci, kao i odgovarajući literaturni izvori. Izvršena je i analiza troškova izgradnje objekata za ovčarsku i kozarsku proizvodnju, kao i proračun investicija u odgovarajuću neophodnu opremu. Uočena je potreba ukrupnjavanja ovčarskih i kozarskih farmi u Srbiji u cilju obezbeđenja odgovarajućeg životnog standarda za nosioce ovakvih gazdinstava
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