OES diagnostics as a universal technique to control the Si etching structures profile in ICP

In this work, we demonstrate the high efficiency of optical emission spectroscopy to estimate the etching profile of silicon structures in SF$_{6}$/C$_{4}$F$_{8}$/O$_{2}$ plasma. The etching profile is evaluated as a ratio of the emission intensity of the oxygen line (778.1 nm) to the fluorine lines (685.8 nm and 703.9 nm). It was found that for the creation of directional structures with line sizes from 13 to 100 μm and aspect ratio from ≈ 0.15 to ≈ 5 the optimal intensities ratio is in the range of 2–6, and for structures from 400 to 4000 μm with aspect ratio from ≈ 0.03 to ≈ 0.37 it is in the range 1.5–2. Moreover, the influence of the process parameters on the etching rate of silicon, the etching rate of aluminum, the inclination angle of the profile wall of the etched window, the selectivity of silicon etching with respect to aluminum, and the influence on the overetching (Bowing effect) of the structure was investigated

Effects of Immigration Status on the Criminal Process

In a landmark case, Padilla v. Kentucky, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution required defense counsel to advise clients who plead guilty that conviction may result in deportation. The Court’s rationale was based on the premise that this information was vital to the client’s decision-making process. Even so, the Court declined to explore a more reliable ground for developing a narrower understanding of a client’s immigration status, particularly the potential effect of the status on common criminal prosecutions, for instance, assault or burglary. This paper submits that under current law, immigration status has a substantial effect on the criminal prosecution and sentencing of immigrants for everyday non-immigration related crimes

THE INVESTIGATION OF THE NUCLESOME LEVEL OF THE CHROMATINE OF THE CELLS ORGANISATION, DIFFERING IN THE CHARACTER OF DIFFERENTIATION

The peculiarities of organisation of chromatine, isolated from the nuclei of the ascyte hepatoma of 22A mice, neurons of the large hemispheres of the dove brain and the terminally differentiated sperm cells of the sea hedgehod have been established. The differences in the value of the nuclesome repeat of the chromatine of the 3 men satellites in the different tissues have also be established. The hypothesis, explaining some peculiarities of the chromatine functioning, has been offered. The new data, revealing the connection of the structural parameters of the chromatine with its functional state, have been obtainedAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

“Atoms” Special Issue (Many-Electron and Multiphoton Atomic Processes: A Tribute to Miron Amusia)

The late Professor Miron Amusia was a key figure in theoretical atomic physics on the international stage for more than five decades [...

Controlled focusing of silver nanoparticles beam to form the microstructures on substrates

The aerodynamic focusing in the coaxial nozzle and deposition on substrates of silver nanoparticles beams at the high subsonic speeds has been studied. The multi-spark discharge generator was used as a source of silver nanoparticles. We established that controlling the high-speed sheath flow allows to provide the minimization of the aerosol beam diameter for 4 times and printing of silver lines with width up to 60 μm using a nozzle 100 μm in outlet diameter. It was realized due to usage of high-speed beams of silver nanoparticle agglomerates, with the size of 25–110 nm, consisting of the primary particles with diameter of 5–10 nm. The agglomeration effect of aerosol nanoparticles plays a positive role providing particle deposition onto a substrate and substantially reducing diffusion broadening of an aerosol beam

Influence of Alumina Nanofibers Sintered by the Spark Plasma Method on Nickel Mechanical Properties

The article presents the study of alumina nanoparticles’ (nanofibers) concentration effect on the strength properties of pure nickel. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering of previously mechanically activated metal powders. The dependence of the grain size and the relative density of compacts on the number of nanofibers was investigated. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of nanofibers, the average size of the matrix particles decreased. The effects of the nanoparticle concentration (0.01–0.1 wt.%) on the elastic modulus and tensile strength were determined for materials at 25 °C, 400 °C, and 750 °C. It was shown that with an increase in the concentration of nanofibers, a 10–40% increase in the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength occurred. A comparison of the mechanical properties of nickel in a wide range of temperatures, obtained in this work with materials made by various technologies, is carried out. A description of nanofibers’ mechanisms of influence on the structure and mechanical properties of nickel is given. The possible impact of impurity phases on the properties of nickel is estimated. The tendency of changes in the mechanical properties of nickel, depending on the concentration of nanofibers, is shown

Methylation-Acetylation Interplay Activates p53 in Response to DNA Damage▿

p53, an important tumor suppressor protein, exerts its function mostly as a sequence-specific transcription factor and is subjected to multiple posttranslational modifications in response to genotoxic stress. Recently, we discovered that lysine methylation of p53 at K372 by Set7/9 (also known as SET7 and Set9) is important for transcriptional activation and stabilization of p53. In this report we provide a molecular mechanism for the effect of p53 methylation on transcription. We demonstrate that Set7/9 activity toward p53, but not the nucleosomal histones, is modulated by DNA damage. Significantly, we show that lysine methylation of p53 is important for its subsequent acetylation, resulting in stabilization of the p53 protein. These p53 modification events can be observed on the promoter of p21 gene, a known transcriptional target of p53. Finally, we show that methylation-acetylation interplay in p53 augments acetylation of histone H4 in the promoter of p21 gene, resulting in its subsequent transcriptional activation and, hence, cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these results suggest that the cross talk between lysine methylation and acetylation is critical for p53 activation in response to DNA damage and that Set7/9 may play an important role in tumor suppression