Significance of Mini Radial Endoscope Ultrasound (MREUS) in Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Neoplasia

In the pursuit to advance diagnostic procedures with colon carcinoma patients, we included the 15 MHz mini radial endoscopic ultrasound (MREUS) in our work up algorithm, following PH verification. When compared to surgical and final pathohistological (PH) findings, MREUS shows that it can differentiate colon layers in great detail and therefore we can determine the degree of carcinoma dissemination (T1, T2, T3, T4) as well as to make a correct therapeutic choice. MREUS (12–15–20 MHz) is a highly reliable colon layer structural analysis method. As we have shown in our study, the accuracy of T stage colon carcinoma visualization in correlation to equivalent PH studies varies from 90–100% which makes MREUS the best as well as the most reliable method in determining preoperative T stage colon carcinoma

Significance of Mini Radial Endoscope Ultrasound (MREUS) in Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Neoplasia

In the pursuit to advance diagnostic procedures with colon carcinoma patients, we included the 15 MHz mini radial endoscopic ultrasound (MREUS) in our work up algorithm, following PH verification. When compared to surgical and final pathohistological (PH) findings, MREUS shows that it can differentiate colon layers in great detail and therefore we can determine the degree of carcinoma dissemination (T1, T2, T3, T4) as well as to make a correct therapeutic choice. MREUS (12–15–20 MHz) is a highly reliable colon layer structural analysis method. As we have shown in our study, the accuracy of T stage colon carcinoma visualization in correlation to equivalent PH studies varies from 90–100% which makes MREUS the best as well as the most reliable method in determining preoperative T stage colon carcinoma

Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp of the Small Intestine: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

Aim: Starting from a case presentation, this review aims to present literature data on inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) of the small intestine. Methods: Case report and systematic review. A comprehensive systematic review of English literature using PubMed was conducted, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The used key words were: "inflammatory fibroid polyp" or "Vanek", including only cases with IFPs localized of the small intestine, published from 1976 to 2019. Results: We present a case of a 38-year old patient with intestinal IFP presenting with acute abdomen due to intussusception diagnosed with ultrasound (US) based on a target sign and visible solid tumor in the small intestine leading to prompt surgical treatment. A diagnosis of IFP was made based on the pathohistological findings. Moreover, a systematic review of small intestine IFPs was conducted which is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive systematic literature review on this topic. The analysis included 53 case reports or case series concerning 77 cases of small bowel IFPs. The patients were aged from 4 to 75 years (average 45.2), with a female predominance (59.7%). The most common localization was the ileum in 77.9% cases, followed by the jejunum (13%) and the duodenum (6.5%). The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain due to intussusception (63.6%). Regarding diagnostic methods, computed tomography (CT) was frequently used as primary diagnostic method (26%) followed by exploratory laparotomy (16.9%), endoscopy (7.8%) and US (6.5%). Combination of US and CT contributed to the diagnosis in 9.1% of cases. The majority of cases were treated surgically (92.21%), while only a minority benefited of minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopy. Conclusions: Small bowel IFPs, ones of the least common benign tumors, are characterized by variable clinical signs and symptoms and can potentially lead to serious consequences for the patie

Extreme anaerobic exercise causes reduced cytotoxicity and increased cytokine production by peripheral blood lymphocytes

Exercise has many beneficial effects for our body, but can become detrimental at high intensity, especially for our immune system. Little is known about the underlying mechanism of impaired immune functionality under conditions of intense physical strain. Freedivers, people who dive to high depths on a single breath, perform extreme exercise under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the impact of freediving on the cytotoxic arm of the immune system. At rest, elite freedivers did not display changes in their immunological profile compared to non-diving controls. In contrast, after a freedive, granzyme B and IL-2 production were reduced, whereas IFNγ and TNF secretion were increased by cytotoxic immune cells. Using in vitro models mimicking freedive conditions, we could show that hypoxia in combination with stress hyperglycemia had a negative impact on Granzyme B secretion, whereas IL-2 production was inhibited by stress hormones. Our findings suggest that in response to extreme exercise, cytotoxic immune cells transiently change their functional profile to limit tissue damage