THE EFFECT OF PRESCRIPTION ON ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS

Time is a legal fact capable of exerting a significant influence upon legal relations. The influence of time (arising independently of human will and directly on the basis of law) can be either creative or destructive. Namely, the lapse of time can create a subjective right, modify or end it. One of the legal institutions in which the influence of time on subjective right comes to full expression is the prescription (statute of limitation) regulated by the provisions of the Law on Obligation Relations in Serbian law. It stipulates that the right to performance of an obligation is subject to prescription; this right ceases to exist by the expiration of statutory limitation period (prescription) in which the creditor could request performance. The debtor may perform his obligation voluntarily or forcefully, in the enforcement proceedings initiated on the proposal of the creditor and, only exceptionally, ex officio in cases prescribed by law. In this paper, the author analyses the influence of periods of prescription on enforcement proceedings and the possibility to suspend such proceedings due to limitation period (prescription). Two hypothetical situations are analysed. One is the situation of the suspension of enforcement proceedings due to the fact that the period of prescription has expired before the commencement of enforcement. We see this situation as undisputed. The second situation is the suspension of enforcement proceedings because the limitation period occurred during such proceedings. It seems to us that this situation can provoke some doubts; therefore, we raise the question whether prescription is even possible in enforcement proceedings

Modeling the motion and mass quantity of fruit by rotating sizing machines

U ovom radu teoretski je analizirano kretanje i protok osam vrsta voća duž rotacionog kalibratora. Polazi se od diferencijalne jednačine kretanja voća na rotirajućem disku kalibratora. Razvijen je opšti model koji može biti primenjen za određivanje protoka za sve tipove rotacionih kalibratora. Analiza protoka obuhvatila je masu i protok kalibriranog voća. Uvedeni su novi iskustveni koeficijenti: koeficijent procentualnog iskorišćenja obima diska, koeficijent punjenja i koeficijent raspodele plodova. Posebno je istražen uticaj relativne brzine voća na kapacitet kalibratora. Za usvojene vrednosti navedenih koeficijenata ke = 0.7, kf = 1, kd = 0.5 dobijeni su rezultati koji se približno poklapaju sa do sada poznatim protocima voća na kalibratorima. Ustanovljeno je da protoci veoma variraju u zavisnosti od dijametra i mase voća. Količinski protok varira od 8949 plod/h za jabuku do 40157 plod/h za duboko zamrznutu malinu. Maseni protok varira od 229,1 kg/h za višnju do 2054,7 kg/h za jabuku.This paper analyzes theoretically the motion and mass quantity of eight fruit types, roundish in shape, along rotating sizing machines. Mathematical model of the motion of fruit on the rotating disc is solved in spherical coordinate system which is tied to the disc. The exact solution is simplified introducing assumptions that are do not significantly affect the accuracy of the solution. Starting from differential equation of fruit motion on a rotating disk of the sizing machine, all forces acting on fruit were determined as well as velocities and time necessary for fruit to reach the disk rim if found in some upper position on the cone. Mass quantity analysis comprised sized fruit mass and weight capacity. New empirical coefficients were introduced: extent ratio, feed ratio and distribution ratio. The results obtained for the adopted values ke = 0.7, kf = 1, kd = 0.5 coincide approximately with those reported to date for fruit mass quantity rate on sizing machines. It was found that mass quantity rates vary considerably, depending on fruit diameter and mass. Fruit numbers mass quantity ranges from 8949 crops/h for apple to 40,157 crops/h for deep frozen raspberry. Mass quantity varies from 229.1 kg/h for cherry to 2054.7 kg/h for apple

Economic indicators of precision guidance in crop production in Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB)

U ovom radu ispitan je stepen ušteda pri primeni najsavremenijih tehničkih sistema za satelitsko navođenje i automatsko upravljanje pri obavljanju poljoprivrednih operacija tokom cele sezone. Ogledno imanje bila je Poljoprivredna korporacija Beograd koja se prostire na oko 21000 hektara obradive površine. Analiziran je uticaj oblika parcele i pravca kretanja agregata pri kalkulisanju ušteda usled smanjenja preklopa susednih prohoda. Izvršena je analiza ušteda po kulturama (kukuruz, pšenica, soja, šećerna repa i detelina) i po operacijama za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, prema tehnologiji proizvodnje primenjenoj na oglednom imanju. Poređenjem ostvarenih stepena uštede zaključeno je pri kojim operacijama je primena navođenja ekonomski najopravdanija i koliki nivo opremljenosti uređajima za navođenje i upravljanje je potreban. Posebno je analizirana funkcionalna zavisnost ekonomskih ušteda u gorivu i inputima za operacije distribucije hraniva i zaštite biljaka. Tabelarno je data procena stepena svih očekivanih ušteda za operacije koje se odnose na pet analiziranih kultura.This paper examined the level of savings in the application of modern technical systems for satellite guidance and control over performing agricultural operations throughout the season. The exemplary property was Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB), which covers about 21,000 hectares of arable land. The effects of plot shape and direction of movement of tractor-attachment units in calculating the savings from reduced overlapping of adjacent passes were studied. The analysis was carried out of savings per crop (maize, wheat, soybean, sugar beet and alfalfa) and the operations for each crop separately, based on the manufacturing technology applied to an exemplary property. Comparing the achieved level of savings, the application of guidance for the type of the most economically viable operations was found as well as the needed equipment level of guidance devices and management. In particular, the analysis involved the functional dependence of the economic savings in fuel and inputs for the operations such as mineral fertilizers distribution and chemical plant protection. The estimates for the degree of anticipated savings for operations related to the five analyzed crops are tabulated

Modeling the motion and mass quantity of fruit by rotating sizing machines

U ovom radu teoretski je analizirano kretanje i protok osam vrsta voća duž rotacionog kalibratora. Polazi se od diferencijalne jednačine kretanja voća na rotirajućem disku kalibratora. Razvijen je opšti model koji može biti primenjen za određivanje protoka za sve tipove rotacionih kalibratora. Analiza protoka obuhvatila je masu i protok kalibriranog voća. Uvedeni su novi iskustveni koeficijenti: koeficijent procentualnog iskorišćenja obima diska, koeficijent punjenja i koeficijent raspodele plodova. Posebno je istražen uticaj relativne brzine voća na kapacitet kalibratora. Za usvojene vrednosti navedenih koeficijenata ke = 0.7, kf = 1, kd = 0.5 dobijeni su rezultati koji se približno poklapaju sa do sada poznatim protocima voća na kalibratorima. Ustanovljeno je da protoci veoma variraju u zavisnosti od dijametra i mase voća. Količinski protok varira od 8949 plod/h za jabuku do 40157 plod/h za duboko zamrznutu malinu. Maseni protok varira od 229,1 kg/h za višnju do 2054,7 kg/h za jabuku.This paper analyzes theoretically the motion and mass quantity of eight fruit types, roundish in shape, along rotating sizing machines. Mathematical model of the motion of fruit on the rotating disc is solved in spherical coordinate system which is tied to the disc. The exact solution is simplified introducing assumptions that are do not significantly affect the accuracy of the solution. Starting from differential equation of fruit motion on a rotating disk of the sizing machine, all forces acting on fruit were determined as well as velocities and time necessary for fruit to reach the disk rim if found in some upper position on the cone. Mass quantity analysis comprised sized fruit mass and weight capacity. New empirical coefficients were introduced: extent ratio, feed ratio and distribution ratio. The results obtained for the adopted values ke = 0.7, kf = 1, kd = 0.5 coincide approximately with those reported to date for fruit mass quantity rate on sizing machines. It was found that mass quantity rates vary considerably, depending on fruit diameter and mass. Fruit numbers mass quantity ranges from 8949 crops/h for apple to 40,157 crops/h for deep frozen raspberry. Mass quantity varies from 229.1 kg/h for cherry to 2054.7 kg/h for apple

Economic indicators of precision guidance in crop production in Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB)

U ovom radu ispitan je stepen ušteda pri primeni najsavremenijih tehničkih sistema za satelitsko navođenje i automatsko upravljanje pri obavljanju poljoprivrednih operacija tokom cele sezone. Ogledno imanje bila je Poljoprivredna korporacija Beograd koja se prostire na oko 21000 hektara obradive površine. Analiziran je uticaj oblika parcele i pravca kretanja agregata pri kalkulisanju ušteda usled smanjenja preklopa susednih prohoda. Izvršena je analiza ušteda po kulturama (kukuruz, pšenica, soja, šećerna repa i detelina) i po operacijama za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, prema tehnologiji proizvodnje primenjenoj na oglednom imanju. Poređenjem ostvarenih stepena uštede zaključeno je pri kojim operacijama je primena navođenja ekonomski najopravdanija i koliki nivo opremljenosti uređajima za navođenje i upravljanje je potreban. Posebno je analizirana funkcionalna zavisnost ekonomskih ušteda u gorivu i inputima za operacije distribucije hraniva i zaštite biljaka. Tabelarno je data procena stepena svih očekivanih ušteda za operacije koje se odnose na pet analiziranih kultura.This paper examined the level of savings in the application of modern technical systems for satellite guidance and control over performing agricultural operations throughout the season. The exemplary property was Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB), which covers about 21,000 hectares of arable land. The effects of plot shape and direction of movement of tractor-attachment units in calculating the savings from reduced overlapping of adjacent passes were studied. The analysis was carried out of savings per crop (maize, wheat, soybean, sugar beet and alfalfa) and the operations for each crop separately, based on the manufacturing technology applied to an exemplary property. Comparing the achieved level of savings, the application of guidance for the type of the most economically viable operations was found as well as the needed equipment level of guidance devices and management. In particular, the analysis involved the functional dependence of the economic savings in fuel and inputs for the operations such as mineral fertilizers distribution and chemical plant protection. The estimates for the degree of anticipated savings for operations related to the five analyzed crops are tabulated

Mutual impact of different parameters in yield monitoring

Pri merenju i analizi lokacijski specifičnog prinosa poznatijeg kao monitoring prinosa u okviru šireg ciklusa precizne poljoprivrede meri se oko 30 parametara od interesa za mapiranje prinosa i šire. Najvažniji parametri uz podrazumevana tri parametra koja definišu lokaciju (latituda, longituda i elevacija) su maseni prinos zrna i vlažnost zrna. Uz ove podatke tokom monitoringa prinosa u ovom radu posmatrani su i temperatura zrna, brzina kretanja kombajna i odstupanje preciznosti lociranja (DOP). Jednostavnim statističkim testiranjem korelacije između ovih parametara utvrđen je nivo međusobnog uticaja, između ostalog i stepen uticaja svih navedenih i posmatranih parametara na prinos, kao odgovor na istraživačko pitanje da li na prinos utiče još neki parametar osim lokacije i fizičko-hemijskih osobina zemljišta na toj lokaciji. Utvrđen je različit stepen uticajnosti, ali nije otkriven ni jedan značajan dodatni uticaj na prinos izračunat posredstvom merenja i makon samog merenja. Za monitoring prinosa pri žetvi semenske pšenice na imanju 'Mladost' PKB, Tabla 2, korišćen je kombajn Class Lexion 450 sa nadograđenim sistemom za monitoring AGL Technology proizvođača. Za statističku analizu korišćena je parametarska metoda korelacije u okviru softverskog paketa SPSS Statistics v.21.When measuring and analyzing site-specific yield known as the yield monitoring within a wider cycle of precise agriculture, about 30 parameters are measured from inertia for mapping yields. The most important parameters with the default three parameters that define the location (latitude, longitude and elevation) are mass grain yield and grain moisture. In addition to this data during the yield monitoring, the temperature of the grain, speed of the combine and delution of precision (DOP) were also observed in this paper. By simple statistical testing of the correlation between these parameters, the level of mutual influence was determined, among other things, the degree of influence of all mentioned and observed parameters on yield, in response to the research question whether the yield affects another parameter other than the location and physical and chemical properties of the land at that location . A different degree of influence was determined, but no significant additional impact on the yield was calculated by measuring and measuring the measurement itself. For the monitoring of the yield of seed wheat harvesting on the 'Mladost' PKB, Tabla 2, the Class Lexion 450 harvester with an upgraded system for monitoring the AGL Technology manufacturer was used. For the statistical analysis, the parametric method of correlation within the software package SPSS Statistics v.21 was used

Impact of triticale mass yield on harvest speed

U ovom radu analizirana je uticaj prinosa tritikala na brzinu kretanja kombajna tokom žetve. Sistem za merenje lokacijski specifičnog prinosa postavljen je na kombajn širine zahvata 6 metara. Nakon žetve prinos je podeljen u tri grupe, kao mali, srednji i velik prinos, i potom pomoću Kruskal-Volisovog H testa analizirana je brzina za svaku grupu prinosa duž parcele. Ustanovljeno je da se na analiziranoj parceli brzine razlikuju i na osnovu srednjih vrednosti rangova grupa zaključeno je da brzina opada sa smanjenjem prinosa, pa se pristupilo naknadnoj analizi razlike među grupama pomoću Man-Vitnijevog U testa. Brzine kretanja kombajna tokom žetve tritikala na analiziranoj parceli razlikuju se statistički značajno pri poređenju sve tri grupe, i to sa malim i srednjim uticajem prema Koenovom kriterijumu. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 35043.This paper analyzes the effect of triticale yield on the speed of the combine during harvest. Monitoring system for the site-specific yield is mounted to harvester with 6 meters wide header. After harvest, the yield is divided into three groups, as well as small, medium and large yield, and then using the Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed the rate of speed for each group along the plot. It was found for analyzed field that the speeds different and based on the average value ranges group concluded that the speed decreases with increasing yield, and access the subsequent analysis of the differences between the groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. The speed of the combine during harvest triticale in the analyzed plot differ significantly when comparing the three groups, and small and medium impact to Cohen's criteria based on effect size

FEM analysis of protective frame on orchard tractors in rollover case

U ovom radu prikazano je jedno konstruktivno rešenje sigurnosnog rama za voćarske traktore i traktore snage do 65 kW koji se koriste u voćarskoj proizvodnji na nagnutim terenima za mašinsko ubiranje (trešenje) koštičavog voća. Prikazani sigurnosni ram može se montirati na postojeće modele traktora, pre svega domaće proizvodnje. U radu je izvršena analiza naponskih stanja posmatranog sigurnosnog rama u režimu neželjenog slučaja prevrtanja traktora. Uobičajena praksa pri ispitivanju i homologaciji sigurnosnih ramova je da se opterete dvostruko većom silom od težine samog traktora. Analiza sigurnosnog rama vršena je pomoću softverskog paketa SolidWorks korišćenjem metode MKE analize. Ram je opterećen silom od 38,2 kN sa bočne strane i sa gornje strane. Dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju na zadovoljavajuću bezbednost.This paper describes a design of the protective frame orchard tractors and tractor power up to 65kW for use in fruit production on sloping ground for mechanical harvesting (shaking) of stone fruits. Shown protective frame can be mounted on existing models of tractors, primarily domestic production. This paper presents an analysis of the stress state of the observed protective frame mode unwanted case overturning tractor. A common practice in the examination and approval of protective frames to be loaded twice the force of gravity of the tractor. Analysis of the protective frame was done using the software package SolidWorks gain and methods of FEM analysis. Ram is loaded with a horizontal and vertical force of 38,2 kN on the side and from above. The results obtained show a satisfactory security

Impact of triticale mass yield on harvest speed

U ovom radu analizirana je uticaj prinosa tritikala na brzinu kretanja kombajna tokom žetve. Sistem za merenje lokacijski specifičnog prinosa postavljen je na kombajn širine zahvata 6 metara. Nakon žetve prinos je podeljen u tri grupe, kao mali, srednji i velik prinos, i potom pomoću Kruskal-Volisovog H testa analizirana je brzina za svaku grupu prinosa duž parcele. Ustanovljeno je da se na analiziranoj parceli brzine razlikuju i na osnovu srednjih vrednosti rangova grupa zaključeno je da brzina opada sa smanjenjem prinosa, pa se pristupilo naknadnoj analizi razlike među grupama pomoću Man-Vitnijevog U testa. Brzine kretanja kombajna tokom žetve tritikala na analiziranoj parceli razlikuju se statistički značajno pri poređenju sve tri grupe, i to sa malim i srednjim uticajem prema Koenovom kriterijumu. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 35043.This paper analyzes the effect of triticale yield on the speed of the combine during harvest. Monitoring system for the site-specific yield is mounted to harvester with 6 meters wide header. After harvest, the yield is divided into three groups, as well as small, medium and large yield, and then using the Kruskal-Wallis H test analyzed the rate of speed for each group along the plot. It was found for analyzed field that the speeds different and based on the average value ranges group concluded that the speed decreases with increasing yield, and access the subsequent analysis of the differences between the groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. The speed of the combine during harvest triticale in the analyzed plot differ significantly when comparing the three groups, and small and medium impact to Cohen's criteria based on effect size

The importance of research and development for innovative activity: the overview of the top countries in Europe and worldwide

In the conditions of economic globalization and a dynamic business environment, companies need to continuously improve and innovate their business, in order to avoid complex and fierce competition and to achieve long-term and sustainable success. Due to the intensive effect of technical and technological progress, the survival and success of the company on the market depends on the introduction of innovative changes in the company and the undertaking of research and development activities. Research and development activities are a crucial factor in generating knowledge, creating patents and innovations, as well as in the increasing of profitability in the business of modern companies. Research and development (R&D) and innovations are considered to be a cornerstone of competitive advantage. The object of this paper is to point out the vital importance that R&D has for innovativeness, i.e. for performing innovative activities at the level of European countries and worldwide