Raman spectrum of thin films formed in Petri dishes by evaporating water solutions after incubation of C₆₀/Ti composites with a low <i>(A)</i>, medium <i>(B)</i> and high <i>(C)</i> content of Ti for 24 hours and then for another 48 hours.

<p>No A_g(2) vibration mode (i.e., no presence of C₆₀) was confirmed.</p

Morphology of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on day 3 after seeding on fresh and aged C₆₀/Ti composites with various concentrations of Ti (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%).

<p>GS: microscopic glass coverslips, reference material.</p

Numbers of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on fresh or aged C₆₀/Ti composites with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%) on day 1 <i>(A)</i>, 3 <i>(B)</i> and 7 <i>(C)</i> after seeding.

<p>GS: microscopic glass coverslips, a reference material. No significant differences among the experimental groups were found.</p

Metabolic activity measured by the XTT test per culture of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on day 7 after seeding on fresh and aged C₆₀/Ti composites with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%).

<p>GS: microscopic glass coverslips, a reference material. No significant differences among the experimental groups were found.</p

Growth and Potential Damage of Human Bone-Derived Cells Cultured on Fresh and Aged C_{60 - Table 1}/Ti Films

<p>Main characteristics of the surface morphology of the prominences for fresh and aged (1-year-old) C₆₀/Ti thin films with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%). TP/TG—ratio between the thickness of the prominences and the thickness of the grooves, S—particle size, D—particle area density. Scanning areas: 5 x 5 μm².</p><p>Growth and Potential Damage of Human Bone-Derived Cells Cultured on Fresh and Aged C_{60 - Table 1}/Ti Films</p

Flow cytometry of the marker of DNA damage response: gamma-H2AX in human osteoblast-like U-2 OS cells on fresh (A) and aged (B) C₆₀/Ti composites with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%).

<p>GS: microscopic glass coverslips, reference material; GS+NCS: positive control to phosphorylation of histon H2AX (gamma-H2AX), induced by 1 hour incubation of U-2 OS in neocarzinostatin (NCS; 700ng/mL). M19 and M1 define the percentage of cells with no increase in DNA damage (obtained from cells growing on the reference material, GS); M20 and M2 define the percentage of cells with an increased DNA damage response represented by enhanced phosphorylation of histon H2AX (obtained from cells incubated with NCS).</p

Raman spectra (between 1100–1800 cm^-1) of the fresh <i>(A)</i> and aged <i>(B)</i> C₆₀/Ti composites with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%).

<p>For comparison, a spectrum from the C₆₀ standard is shown.</p

Scheme of the preparation of hybrid fullerene C₆₀/metal composites.

<p>Deposition rates: DR(M) = DR(C₆₀) ~ 1 nm/min. Temperatures during deposition: RT.</p

Immunofluorescence staining of markers of a DNA damage response: 53BP1 (green) and gamma-H2AX (red) in human osteoblast-like U-2 OS cells on fresh and aged C₆₀/Ti composites with various Ti concentrations (low: 25%, medium: 45%, high: 70%).

<p>GS: microscopic glass coverslips, reference material; GS+NCS: positive control of DNA damage response induced by 1 hour incubation of U-2 OS in neocarzinostatin (NCS; 700ng/mL).</p