1,3,7,10,14,17,21,28,31,42,52,55-Dodeca­kis(trifluoro­meth­yl)- 1,3,7,10,14,17,21,28,31,42,52,55-dodeca­hydro­(C60–Ih)[5,6]fullerene

The title compound, C72F36, is one of four isomers of C60(CF3)12 for which crystal structures have been obtained. The fullerene mol­ecule has an idealized Ih C60 core with the 12 CF3 groups arranged in an asymmetric fashion on two ribbons of edge-sharing C6(CF3)2 hexa­gons, a para–meta–para–para–para–meta–para ribbon and a para–meta–para ribbon, giving an overall pmp 3 mp,pmp structure. There are no cage Csp 3—Csp 3 bonds. The F atoms of two CF3 groups are disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are 0.85/0.15 and 0.73/0.27. There are intra­molecular F⋯F contacts between pairs of CF3 groups on the same hexa­gon that range from 2.521 (3) to 2.738 (4) Å

Non-Functionalized Fullerenes and Endofullerenes in Aqueous Dispersions as Superoxide Scavengers

Endohedral metal fullerene are potential nanopharmaceuticals for MRI; thus, it is important to study their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Superoxide anion radical is one of the key ROS. The reactivity of aqueous dispersions of pristine (non-functionalized) fullerenes and Gd@C82 endofullerene have been studied with respect to superoxide in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase chemiluminescence system. It was found that C60 and C70 in aqueous dispersions react with superoxide as scavengers by a similar mechanism; differences in activity are determined by cluster parameters, primarily the concentration of available, acting molecules at the surface. Gd endofullerene is characterized by a significantly (one-and-a-half to two orders of magnitude) higher reactivity with respect to C60 and C70 and is likely to exhibit nanozyme (SOD-mimic) properties, which can be accounted for by the nonuniform distribution of electron density of the fullerene cage due to the presence of the endohedral atom; however, in the cell model, Gd@C82 showed the lowest activity compared to C60 and C70, which can be accounted for by its higher affinity for the lipid phase

Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Dispersions of Fullerenes C60, C70, and Gd@C82

The antioxidant potential (capacity and activity) of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) of non-functionalized C60, C70, and Gd@C82 endofullerene (in micromolar concentration range) was estimated based on chemiluminescence measurements of the model of luminol and generation of organic radicals by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP). The antioxidant capacity was estimated by the TRAP method, from the concentration of half-suppression, and from the suppression area in the initial period. All three approaches agree and show that the antioxidant capacity of AFDs increased in the order Gd@C82 < C70 < C60. Mathematical modeling of the long-term kinetics data was used for antioxidant activity estimation. The effect of C60 and C70 is found to be quenching of the excited product of luminol with ABAP-generated radical and not an actual antioxidant effect; quenching constants differ insignificantly. Apart from quenching with a similar constant, the AFD of Gd@C82 exhibits actual antioxidant action. The antioxidant activity in Gd@C82 is 300-fold higher than quenching constants

Harnessing Electron Transfer from the Perchlorotriphenylmethide Anion to Y@C82(C2v) to Engineer an Endometallofullerene-Based Salt

6 pages, 5 figures, 1 schemeWe show that electron transfer from the perchlorotriphenylmethide anion (PTM−) to Y@C82(C2v) is an instantaneous process, suggesting potential applications for using PTM− to perform redox titrations of numerous endohedral metallofullerenes. The first representative of a Y@C82-based salt containing the complex cation was prepared by treating Y@C82(C2v) with the [K+([18]crown-6)]PTM− salt. The synthesis developed involves the use of the [K+([18]crown-6)]PTM− salt as a provider of both a complex cation and an electron-donating anion that is able to reduce Y@C82(C2v). For the first time, the molar absorption coefficients for neutral and anionic forms of the pure isomer of Y@C82(C2v) were determined in organic solvents with significantly different polarities.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Direcci ón General de Investigació n (DGI; project POMAs, CTQ2010-19501/BQU), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2009SGR00516), the bilateral CSICNFBR project 2008RU0073, the RFBR (09-03-91291-INIS-a and 13- 03-01291-a), the Presidium of the RAS (program no. 8), and the European project ERC StG 2012-306826 e-GAMES. E.L. thanks CIBER-BBN, an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Peer reviewe