29 research outputs found
Student School Achievement: Testing a Model of Academic Competence
U radu su razmotrena obilježja povezana sa Ŕkolskim uspjehom
uÄenika osnovne Å”kole u skladu s teorijskim modelom Å”kolske
kompetencije (DiPerna, Volpe i Elliot, 2002, 2005). Cilj je provjeriti
moguÄnost objaÅ”njenja Å”kolskog uspjeha uÄenika navedenim
modelom, uz dodatno ukljuÄivanje intelektualnih sposobnosti.
U istraživanju su sudjelovali uÄenici sedmih i osmih razreda
(N = 393) iz pet osnovnih Ŕkola Grada Zagreba i uže okolice
te njihovi nastavnici (N = 22). Rezultati strukturnoga modeliranja
pokazuju da model s procjenama nastavnika dobro pristaje
podacima te se tako može objasniti 55 % varijance Ŕkolskog
uspjeha. Pri tome se motivacija pokazala potpunim medijatorom
odnosa Ŕkolskih vjeŔtina i socijalnih vjeŔtina sa Ŕkolskim
uspjehom te djelomiÄnim medijatorom odnosa inteligencije i
Å”kolskog uspjeha. NajveÄi ukupni efekt na uspjeh ima motivacija
uÄenika i njihove vjeÅ”tine uÄenja, dok ostala obilježja koja potiÄu
uspjeh i intelektualne sposobnosti imaju slabiji uÄinak.Different characteristics of student school achievement are
discussed based on the theoretical model of school
competence (DiPerna, Volpe & Elliot, 2002, 2005). The aim
of this research was to test the model of school competence
in which additionally, as a predictor of school achievement, a
measure of student cognitive ability was used. Elementary
school students in grades 7-8 (N = 393) from five schools in
Zagreb and its surroundings and their teachers (N = 22)
participated in this study. The results of structural equation
modeling analyses provided support regarding the fit of the
model with teacher ratings, explaining 55% variance of
student school achievement. Mediation analyses indicated
that motivation fully mediated the link between school and
social skills and achievement and partially mediated the link
between cognitive ability and achievement. An examination
of the six predictor variables\u27 overall contributions to current
achievement, indicates that motivation and study skills
demonstrated large total effects with current achievement,
while academic enablers and cognitive ability demonstrated
moderate total effects
Stability and Change of Personal and (Post)materialist Values among Croatian Citizens
Cilj je rada provjera stabilnosti temeljnih vrijednosti hrvatskih
graÄana od 2008./2009. do 2011. godine u sklopu Schwartzove teorije te od 1999. do 2017./2018. godine u sklopu Inglehartove teorije. Pritom se provjerava je li eventualna promjena
univerzalna ili ovisi o sociodemografskim obilježjima (spol, dob i
obrazovanje). Rad se temelji na nacionalno reprezentativnim
podacima za Hrvatsku iz dva vala Europskoga druŔtvenog
istraživanja te tri vala Europske studije vrednota. Rezultati u
pogledu osobnih vrijednosti upuÄuju viÅ”e na univerzalnu
stabilnost nego na promjene od 2008./2009. do 2011. godine
(te moguÄnost da promjena ovisi o pojedinim sociodemografskim obilježjima). Za razliku od toga, 2008. godine u odnosu
na 1999. i 2017./2018. godinu zabilježena je privremena i
univerzalna (neovisna o sociodemografskim obilježjima) manja
zastupljenost postmaterijalistiÄkih vrijednosti. Nalazi o
sociodemografskim obilježjima kao izvorima varijacija u
vrijednostima potvrÄuju dob kao bitan izvor varijacija u osobnim
vrijednostima, dok su dobivene vrlo male razlike u osobnim i
postmaterijalistiÄkim vrijednostima s obzirom na spol i
naobrazbu.The aim was to determine the stability of human values among
Croatian citizens within Schwartz\u27s theory of basic human values
(Schwartz, 1992) in the period between 2008/09 and 2011,
and Inglehartās theory of postmaterialism (Inglehart, 1977) in
the period between 1999 and 2017/2018. It was checked
whether the eventual change was universal, or whether it
depended on sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age
and education). The research is based on representative data
collected in two waves of European Social Survey and three
waves of European Value Study. In terms of personal values, the
results suggest universal stability over change in the period from
2008/09 to 2011 (there is a possibility that change depends on
individual sociodemographic characteristics). In contrast, in
2008 compared to 1999 and 2017/18, postmaterialist values
are given temporary and universal (independent of sociodemographic characteristics) lower priority. Findings on
sociodemographic characteristics as sources of variation in
values confirm age as an important source of variation in
personal values, while with respect to gender and education,
very small differences in personal and postmaterialist values
have been obtained
CLONINGER\u27S TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER DIMENSIONS AND DOPAMINERGIC GENES: DAT1 VNTR AND COMT VAL158MET POLYMORPHISMS
Background: the objective of this study was to examine the associations between Cloninger temperament and character dimensions with the DAT1 VNTR and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms.
Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on 101 subjects, consisting of students of the Police College in Zagreb and staff of the Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital in Zagreb. The Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to test personality traits.
Results: A main effect of the DAT1 VNTR polymorphism was found on the subscale self-directedness ā SD2 (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05), where a higher result was detected in carriers of the 9/9 genotype (M=7.33, SD=0.51) than those carrying the 10-repeat allele (M=6.02, SD=1.36). Also for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism, main effects were found on the subscales: NS3 (novelty seeking) (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05), where a higher result was found in carriers of the Val allele (M=5.03, SD=2.22) than in carriers of the Met/Met genotype (MD=4.76, SD=2.37), SD3 (self-directedness) (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05) where a higher result was found in carriers of the Val/Val genotype (M=4.50, SD=0.78) than in those carrying the Met allele (M=3.80, SD=1.31); C3 (cooperativeness)
(F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05), where a high result was found in carriers of the Val allele (M=5.68, SD=1.25) than those carrying the Met/Met genotype (M=5.08, SD=1.11); and ST3 (self-transcendence) (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05), where a higher result was found in carriers of the Met/Met genotype (M=3.46, SD=2.37) than carriers of the Val allele (M=2.69, SD=1.84). Two significant interactions were detected, on the subscale NS3 (novelty seeking) (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05), and on the subscale C2 (cooperativeness) (F=5.18, df=1, p<0.05).
Conclusions: Cloninger\u27s (1987) hypothesis about negative relationship between novelty seeking and dopamine was confirmed on allele level, because higher novelty seeking was found in Val allele carriers comparing to Met/Met genotype carriers
Intervencijski programi u STEM podruÄju: Analiza vrsta, teorijske utemeljenosti, ciljnih skupina,ishoda i naÄina vrednovanja intervencijskih programa u Å”kolskom i izvanÅ”kolskom okruženju
Akronim STEM oznaÄava znanstveno podruÄje koje u hrvatskoj znanstvenoj istraživaÄkoj tradiciji obuhvaÄa prirodoslovlje, tehnologiju, inženjerstvo i matematiku. Ovim preglednim radom sistematizirane su dostupne spoznaje o STEM intervencijskim programima u Å”kolskom kontekstu: strukturiranim programima kojima je cilj promjena percepcije, stavova i poveÄanje utjecaja na uÄenika, kada je rijeÄ o STEM Å”kolskim predmetima, kao i o STEM zanimanjima. Razmotrene su i dostupne spoznaje o naÄinima vrednovanja uÄinaka STEM intervencijskih programa
Value Preferences of Croatian Citizens as Determinants of Materialism
Temeljni ciljevi ovog rada jesu: ispitati faktorsku strukturu skale
materijalizma, razinu usmjerenosti graÄana Hrvatske prema
materijalizmu, utvrditi hijerarhiju vrijednosti i objasniti povezanost
vrijednosti i materijalizma uz kontrolu sociodemografskih
obilježja. Istraživanje je provedeno na reprezentativnom uzorku
punoljetnoga stanovniŔtva (N =1004). Za mjerenje materijalizma
upotrijebljena je kratka verzija skale materijalizma (The Material
Values Scale, Richins, 2004), a za mjerenje vrijednosti skraÄeni
Upitnik osobnih vrednota, PVQ; Schwartz i sur., 2001). GraÄanima
uglavnom nije važno posjedovanje i stjecanje materijalnog u
smislu glavne preokupacije u životu (centralnost) te ne procjenjuju
da posjedovanje i stjecanje dobara stvara doživljaj sreÄe (sreÄa u
posjedovanju). Rezultati nadalje pokazuju da se najveÄa važnost
pridaje tradiciji, univerzalizmu i dobrohotnosti, dok se najmanja
važnost pridaje poticaju i moÄi. Å to se tiÄe temeljnih vrijednosti
kao moguÄih odrednica dimenzija materijalizma, pokazalo se da
sa deset vrijednosnih tipova uz kontrolu sociodemografskih obilježja
možemo objasniti 16% ukupne varijance sreÄe u posjedovanju,
kao prve izmjerene dimenzije materijalizma, te 39% ukupne
varijance centralnosti, kao druge dimenzije materijalizma.The aim of this study is to check the factor structure of The
Material Values Scale, examine the orientation of Croatian
residents towards materialism, examine their basic human
value hierarchy, and to identify and explain the relationship
between values and materialism with control of sociodemographic
characteristics. The survey was carried out on a
representative sample of 1004 adult Croatian residents. The
short version of The Material Values Scale (MVS) (Richins,
2004) was applied for the materialism examination and the
short version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ)
(Schwartz et al., 2001) was applied for the value
examination. The results show that possession and
acquisition of goods are mainly not important for Croatian
residents in terms of the main preoccupation in life, and, on
average, they do not believe that consumption leads to
happiness. Croatian residents attribute more importance to
tradition, universalism and benevolence and less to
stimulation and power. In terms of the relationship between
values and materialism, it turned out that ten value types
with control of socio-demographic characteristics explain
16% of the total variance of happiness, as a first measured
dimension of materialism, and 39% of the total variance of
centrality as a second dimension of materialism
ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE MECHANISMS FOR COPING WITH STRESS AMONG POLICE OFFICERS
Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati uÄinkovitost naÄina suoÄavanja kod policijskih službenika s obzirom na dvije vrste stresora, policijski i ispitni, uz anksioznost i razinu stresa kao kriterije adaptivnosti. Kao adaptivni naÄini suoÄavanja s policijskim stresom pokazali su se: plansko rjeÅ”avanje problema, distanciranje, samokontrola i suoÄavanje konfrontacijom. Maladaptivnim su se pokazali: traženje socijalne podrÅ”ke, izbjegavanje, pozitivna ponovna procjena i prihvaÄanje odgovornosti. Dakle, razine anksioznosti i stresa znaÄajno su bile veÄe kod dijela ispitanika koji se koriste maladaptivnim mehanizmima. U kontekstu ispitnog stresa adaptivnim naÄinima suoÄavanja pokazali su se: plansko rjeÅ”avanje problema, suoÄavanje konfrontacijom, pozitivna ponovna procjena i prihvaÄanje odgovornosti. Maladaptivni su bili: distanciranje, traženje socijalne podrÅ”ke, bijeg, izbjegavanje i samokontrola. Kao i kod policijskog stresa, razina anksioznosti znaÄajno je bila veÄa kod ispitanika koji su se koristili maladaptivnim mehanizmima.The aim of this study was to examine the efficiency of the mechanisms utilized by police officers to cope with police and exam stress, with anxiety and stress levels as efficiency criteria. Planful problem solving, distancing, self-controlling and confrontive coping proved to be the common adaptive strategies in coping with police stress, while seeking social support, escape-avoidance, positive reappraisal and accepting responsibility proved to be maladaptive. As a consequence, anxiety and stress levels were found to be significantly higher among participants who used maladaptive mechanisms. With regard to exam stress, adaptive mechanisms were: planful problem solving, confrontive coping, positive reappraisal and accepting responsibility, while maladaptive mechanisms included: distancing, seeking social support, escape-avoidance coping and self-controlling. As with police stress, anxiety level was significantly higher among participants who used maladaptive mechanisms
Motivacija za uporabu sredstava ovisnosti: zaŔto ljudi konzumiraju alkohol, duhan i marihuanu?
The research aimed to explore the salience of different
motives for substance use among alcohol, tobacco and
marijuana users, and to investigate the difference in motives\u27
salience with regard to frequency of substance use and
respondents\u27 socio-demographic characteristics. Data were
collected among subsamples of alcohol, tobacco and
marijuana users drawn from the representative sample of
Croatian citizens (N = 4756). Respondents assessed four
types, and for marijuana use five types of motives for each
substance use (enhancement, social, conformity, coping, and
expansion). The enhancement motives were assessed as the
most, and conformity motives as the least salient motives
among all groups of substance users. Generally, enhanced
salience of motives was related to the frequency of all types
of substance use. While age had significant effect on the
salience of social motives for tobacco use, gender and
marital status had significant effect on the salience of all
motives for alcohol use, and age had significant effect only
on the salience of enhancement and social motives for
alcohol use. Among marijuana users, only marital status had
significant effect on the salience of expansion motives for
marijuana use. Results are discussed within the framework of
motivational models for substance use.Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati istaknutost razliÄitih motiva za
uporabu sredstava ovisnosti meÄu konzumentima alkohola,
duhana i marihuane te ispitati razlike u istaknutosti razliÄitih
motiva s obzirom na uÄestalost konzumiranja navedenih
sredstava ovisnosti i socio-demografskih karakteristika
sudionika. Podaci su prikupljeni na poduzorcima konzumenata
alkohola, duhana i marihuane iz reprezentativnog
uzorka graÄana Hrvatske (N = 4756). Sudionici su procjenjivali
Äetiri motiva za uporabu alkohola i duhana (motiv
podizanja raspoloženja, socijalni motiv, motiv konformiranja
i motiv suoÄavanja), a za uporabu marihuane i peti motiv
(motiv proŔirenja svijesti). Motivi podizanja raspoloženja
procijenjeni su kao najzastupljeniji, a motivi konformiranja
kao najmanje zastupljeni meÄu svim skupinama konzumenata
sredstava ovisnosti. OpÄenito, poveÄana istaknutost
motiva povezana je s uÄestalosti uporabe svih sredstava
ovisnosti. Dob je imala znaÄajan uÄinak na istaknutost
socijalnih motiva za puÅ”enje duhana, spol i braÄni status na
istaknutost svih motiva za konzumaciju alkohola, dok je dob
imala znaÄajan uÄinak samo na istaknutost motiva podizanja
raspoloženja i socijalne motive za konzumaciju alkohola.
MeÄu konzumentima marihuane samo je braÄni status imao
znaÄajan uÄinak na istaknutost motiva proÅ”irenja svijesti za
uporabu marihuane. Rezultati su analizirani u okviru
motivacijskih modela za uporabu sredstava ovisnosti
ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE MECHANISMS FOR COPING WITH STRESS AMONG POLICE OFFICERS
Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati uÄinkovitost naÄina suoÄavanja kod policijskih službenika s obzirom na dvije vrste stresora, policijski i ispitni, uz anksioznost i razinu stresa kao kriterije adaptivnosti. Kao adaptivni naÄini suoÄavanja s policijskim stresom pokazali su se: plansko rjeÅ”avanje problema, distanciranje, samokontrola i suoÄavanje konfrontacijom. Maladaptivnim su se pokazali: traženje socijalne podrÅ”ke, izbjegavanje, pozitivna ponovna procjena i prihvaÄanje odgovornosti. Dakle, razine anksioznosti i stresa znaÄajno su bile veÄe kod dijela ispitanika koji se koriste maladaptivnim mehanizmima. U kontekstu ispitnog stresa adaptivnim naÄinima suoÄavanja pokazali su se: plansko rjeÅ”avanje problema, suoÄavanje konfrontacijom, pozitivna ponovna procjena i prihvaÄanje odgovornosti. Maladaptivni su bili: distanciranje, traženje socijalne podrÅ”ke, bijeg, izbjegavanje i samokontrola. Kao i kod policijskog stresa, razina anksioznosti znaÄajno je bila veÄa kod ispitanika koji su se koristili maladaptivnim mehanizmima.The aim of this study was to examine the efficiency of the mechanisms utilized by police officers to cope with police and exam stress, with anxiety and stress levels as efficiency criteria. Planful problem solving, distancing, self-controlling and confrontive coping proved to be the common adaptive strategies in coping with police stress, while seeking social support, escape-avoidance, positive reappraisal and accepting responsibility proved to be maladaptive. As a consequence, anxiety and stress levels were found to be significantly higher among participants who used maladaptive mechanisms. With regard to exam stress, adaptive mechanisms were: planful problem solving, confrontive coping, positive reappraisal and accepting responsibility, while maladaptive mechanisms included: distancing, seeking social support, escape-avoidance coping and self-controlling. As with police stress, anxiety level was significantly higher among participants who used maladaptive mechanisms
Social support, stress, burnout and health among police officers
Cilj rada bio je ispitati izvore socijalne podrÅ”ke (obitelj, kolege, nadreÄeni) kod policijskih službenika te njihovu ulogu s obzirom na izgaranje, zdravlje, policijski i opÄi stres. KoriÅ”teni su sljedeÄi upitnici: Skala socijalne podrÅ”ke (Social Support Scale), Upitnik izgaranja na poslu - MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), Upitnici organizacijskih i operativnih izvora stresa (Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire, Operational Police Stress Questionnaire, PSQ-Org, PSQ-Op), dok su životni stres i 4 vrste zdravlja (opÄe, tjelesno, psihiÄko, zdravlje od ulaska u MUP) ispitani pomoÄu tvrdnji koje su autori konstruirali u svrhu istraživanja. Pokazalo se da policajci procjenjuju da imaju znaÄajno najveÄu podrÅ”ku kolega, potom obitelji, a najmanje podrÅ”ku nadreÄenih. PronaÄene su znaÄajne razlike meÄu policajcima koji procjenjuju da imaju manju i onih koji procjenjuju da imaju veÄu podrÅ”ku s obzirom na izgaranje, zdravlje, policijski i opÄi stres. PronaÄen je i znaÄajan moderatorski utjecaj podrÅ”ke obitelji na odnos operativnog stresa i tjelesnog zdravlja. Pokazalo se da policajci znaÄajno stresnijim procjenjuju organizacijski u usporedbi s operativnim stresom.The paper aims to examine the sources of social support to police officers (family, colleagues, superiors) and the role of social support in relation to burnout, health, police work and general stress. The following questionnaires were used: Social Support Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory - MBI-HSS, Organizational and Operational Police Stress Questionnaires (PSQ-Org, PSQ-Op), while life stress and 4 aspects of health (general, physical, mental, and health since joining the police) were examined using questions constructed for this research. Results showed that police officers report having the greatest support from colleagues, followed by family, while the least support is received from their superiors. Significant differences were found between police officers who estimated that they had less support and those who estimated that they had greater support with regard to burnout, health, police work, and general stress. A significant moderating influence of family support on the relationship between operational stress and physical health was also found. Police officers estimate organizational stressors to be more stressful in comparison to operational ones
Razvoj i validacija novih objektivnih testova znanja unutar STEM podruÄja za uÄenike osnovnih Å”kola
Measuring student achievement is one of the key issues when researching quality and efficiency of an educational system. Several existing studies tried to express student achievement in mathematics or science through separate tests within the particular domain. The aim of this paper is to consider the possibility of measuring knowledge in the STEM area through integrated tests and to present the characteristics of the new tests developed particularly for this purpose.
In this paper, a complete psychometric analysis of the newly developed tests is provided. The paper outlines the steps undertaken in the process of determining content requirements within each knowledge test, preliminary validations of initial test versions, as well as the results obtained in the main study. The main study encompassed 586 grade 4 students, 580 grade 5 students and 632 grade 6 students.
In every test, the unidimensional structure was obtained using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Acceptable reliability was obtained for all three tests (Ī±4thā=ā.78; Ī±5th =.70; Ī±6thā=ā.79). The correlations between total test scores and achievement in STEM school subjects were moderate to high. Therefore, all three newly developed tests represent a one-dimensional, reliable, discriminative and valid measure of integrated studentsā knowledge in the STEM area.Mjerenje uÄeniÄkog postignuÄa jedno je od srediÅ”njih pitanja u istraživanjima kvalitete i uÄinkovitosti obrazovanja. U podruÄju prirodoslovlja i matematike nekoliko je dosadaÅ”njih studija nastojalo iskazati postignuÄe uÄenika jedinstvenim pokazateljem znanja unutar tog podruÄja. Cilj je ovog rada razmotriti moguÄnost mjerenja znanja uÄenika u STEM podruÄju te prikazati obilježja novih testova razvijenih posebno s tom svrhom.
U radu je prikazana cjelovita psihometrijska analiza novokonstruiranih testova te su prikazani koraci i pristupi u odreÄivanju sadržajnih zahtjeva testova, zatim ishodi preliminarnih validacija inicijalnih inaÄica testova, kao i rezultati do kojih se doÅ”lo u glavnom dijelu istraživanja. U glavnom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 586 uÄenika Äetvrtog razreda, 580 uÄenika petog razreda i 632 uÄenika Å”estog razreda.
Postupcima eksploratorne i konfirmatorne faktorske analize potvrÄena je jasna jednofaktorska struktura koriÅ”tenih testova koja je praÄena solidnim pokazateljima unutarnje konzistencije (Ī±4.rā=ā,78; Ī±5.r = ,70; Ī±6.rā=ā,79). Ukupan rezultat u testu umjereno je do visoko povezan sa Å”kolskim postignuÄem u STEM Å”kolskim predmetima. ZakljuÄeno je da sva tri novokonstruirana testa predstavljaju jednodimenzionalnu, a ipak pouzdanu, osjetljivu i valjanu mjeru znanja uÄenika u STEM podruÄju