The effects of direct red bull administration to isolated hearts of trained and untrained rats who regularly consumed or did not consume energy drink: Focus on cardiodynamics and oxidative stress

Energy drinks (EDs) contain caffeine and other active ingredients which affect cardiovascular system. The aims of this study were to examine direct effects of Red Bull (RB) on cardiodynamics and oxidative stress in isolated hearts of rats. The rats were divided into four groups: Untrained rats who never consumed ED (dEDUT); untrained rats who consumed ED 5 days a week during 4 weeks (ch+dED-UT); rats trained 5 times a week for 4 weeks, but did not consume ED (dED-T); rats trained and consumed ED 5 times a week for 4 weeks (ch+dED-T). After sacrificing, hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff technique. Through the isolated heart of all rats in each group, RB was administered. The parameters of cardiac function were recorded, and the levels of prooxidants were measured in the coronary effluent during coronary autoregulation. Rats in ch+dED-UT group had significantly lower rates of myocardial contraction and relaxation compared to rats in dED-UT group. The same effect was recorded in the dED-T group compared to dED-UT group. The levels of hydrogen peroxide were significantly higher in trained rats. Rats in ch+dED-T group also had significantly higher levels of superoxide anion radical and index of lipid peroxidation, as well as lower levels of nitrites when compared to ch+dED-UT group, while opposite effect was recorded in rats in dED-T group compared to dEDUT group. The RB could have a potentially negative inotropic effect in chronic consumers. Prooxidative effect of RB was most pronounced in trained chronic consumers

Electrical impedance tomography as ventilation monitoring in ICU patients

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), as a monitoring tool of regional lung ventilation, is radiation-free imaging with high temporal resolution. Te most important purpose of EIT is to visualize the distribution of tidal volume in diferent lung regions especially between dependent (dorsal in supine patients) and non-dependent (ventral in supine patients) regions. Many clinical studies evaluated the applicability of PulmoVista® 500 (Dräger Medical GmbH, Lübeck, Germany) and similar EIT devices in estimating optimal PEEP afer recruitment maneuvers (RM) in lung healthy patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ventilation distribution in cystic fbrosis, COPB, pneumonia and respiratory diseases syndrome in infants

Dynamic and Assembly Characteristics of Deep-Cavity Basket Acting as a Host for Inclusion Complexation of Mitoxantrone in Biotic and Abiotic Systems

We describe the preparation, dynamic, assembly characteristics of vase-shaped basket 13− along with its ability to form an inclusion complex with anticancer drug mitoxantrone in abiotic and biotic systems. This novel cavitand has a deep nonpolar pocket consisting of three naphthalimide sides fused to a bicyclic platform at the bottom while carrying polar glycines at the top. The results of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 1H NMR Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), Calorimetry, Hybrid Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (REMD), and Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) measurements are in line with 1 forming dimer [12]6−, to be in equilibrium with monomers 1(R)3− (relaxed) and 1(S)3− (squeezed). Through simultaneous line-shape analysis of 1H NMR data, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterizing these equilibria were quantified. Basket 1(R)3− includes anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO2+) in its pocket to give stable binary complex [MTO⊂1]− (Kd=2.1 μM) that can be precipitated in vitro with UV light or pH as stimuli. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the basket is nontoxic, while at a higher proportion with respect to MTO it reduced its cytotoxicity in vitro. With well-characterized internal dynamics and dimerization, the ability to include mitoxantrone, and biocompatibility, the stage is set to develop sequestering agents from deep-cavity baskets

The Effects of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on Heart Function and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Isolated Rat Heart

Eikosanoidi dovode do zapaljenja, uzrokuju groznicu i bol, i imaju mnoge druge efekte na organizam. NSAID onemogućavaju delovanje ciklooksigenaze (COX) u procesu konvertovanja arahidonske kiseline u medijatore zapaljenja, i na taj način smanjuju simptome zapaljenja. Istraživanja koja se bave primenom neselektivnih inhibitora COX, koji se koriste u visokim dozama, pokazala su njihove štetne efekte na funkciju miokarda. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio da ispita efekte neselektivnih NSAID, diklofenaka i ibuprofena, na kardiodinamske parametre, koronarni protok i biomarkere oksidativnog stresa izolovanog srca pacova. Srca mužijaka Wistar albino pacova su uzimana i retrogradno perfundovana prema Langedorff -ovoj tehnici sa postepenim povećanjem perfuzionog pritiska (40-120 cm H2O). Eksperimenti su prvo izvođeni u kontrolnim uslovima (primena fiziološkog Krebs-Henseleit-ovog rastvora), nakon čega su srca perfundovana sa: 10 μmol/l dikolfenaka i 10 μmol/l ibuprofena. Parametri srčane funkcije koji su kontinuirano praćeni su: maksimalna stopa razvoja pritiska (dp/dt max), minimalna stopa razvoja pritiska (dp/dt min), sistolni pritisak u levoj komori (SLVP), dijastolni pritisak u levoj komori (DLVP), srednji perfuzioni pritisak (MBP) i frekvenca srčanog rada (HR). Koronarni protok (CF) je registrovan floumetrijski. Markeri oksidativnog stresa: indeks lipidne peroksidacije meren kao TBARS, azot-monoksid utvrđivan preko nitrata (NO2 -), superoksid anjon radikal (O2 -), i vodonik peroksid (H2O2) su mereni spektrofotometrijski u koronarnom venskom efluentu. Naši rezultati su pokazali da diklofenak ispoljava značajniji uticaj na kardiodinamske parametre u odnosu na ibuprofen. Pored toga, rezultati ove studije su pokazali da oba ispitivana inhibitora COX ne dovode po produkcije reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika

Protective Effects of Galium verum L. Extract against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Galium verum L. (G. verum, lady’s bedstraw) is a perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It has been widely used throughout history due to multiple therapeutic properties. However, the effects of this plant species on functional recovery of the heart after ischemia have still not been fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of methanol extract of G. verum on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), with a special emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Rats involved in the research were divided randomly into two groups: control (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)) and G. verum group, including SHR rats treated with the G. verum extract (500 mg/kg body weight per os) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, in vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for spectrophotometric determination of systemic redox state. Hearts from all rats were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. After a stabilization period, hearts were subjected to 20-minute ischemia, followed by 30-minute reperfusion. Levels of prooxidants were spectrophotometrically measured in coronary venous effluent, while antioxidant enzymes activity was assessed in heart tissue. Cell morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. 4-week treatment with G. verum extract alleviated left ventricular hypertrophy and considerably improved in vivo cardiac function. Furthermore, G. verum extract preserved cardiac contractility, systolic function, and coronary vasodilatory response after ischemia. Moreover, it alleviated I/R-induced structural damage of the heart. Additionally, G. verum extract led to a drop in the generation of most of the measured prooxidants, thus mitigating cardiac oxidative damage. Promising potential of G. verum in the present study may be a basis for further researches which would fully clarify the mechanisms through which this plant species triggers cardioprotection