Temperature dependence of the hydrogen bond network in Trimethylamine N-oxide and guanidine hydrochloride - water solutions

We present an X-ray Compton scattering study on aqueous Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and guanidine hydrochloride solutions (GdnHCl) as a function of temperature. Independent from the concentration of the solvent, Compton profiles almost resemble results for liquid water as a function of temperature. However, The number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule extracted from the Compton profiles suggests a decrease of hydrogen bonds with rising temperatures for all studied samples, the differences between water and the solutions are weak. Nevertheless, the data indicate a reduced bond weakening with rising TMAO concentration up to 5M of 7.2% compared to 8 % for pure water. In contrast, the addition of GdnHCl appears to behave differently for concentrations up to 3.1 M with a weaker impact on the temperature response of the hydrogen bond structure

Magnetization and stability study of a cobalt-ferrite-based ferrofluid

In this study the structural and magnetization properties of a CoFe2O4-based ferrofluid was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic Compton scattering (MCS) measurements. The XRD diagram indicates that the nanoparticles in the ferrofluid are inverse spinel and TEM graph shows that the ferrofluid consists of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 18 +/- 1 nm, in good agreement with the size, 19.4 nm, extracted from line broadening of the XRD peaks. According to EDS measurements the composition of the nanoparticles is CoFe2O4. Mossbauer spectroscopy shows that the cation distributions are (Co0.38Fe0.62)[Co0.62Fe1.38]O-4. The MCS measurement, performed at 10 K, indicates that the magnetization of the nanoparticles is similar to magnetization of maghemite and magnetite. While the magnetization of the inverse spinels are in [111] direction, interestingly, the magnetization deduced from MCS is in [100] direction. The CoFe2O4-based ferrofluid is found to be stable at ambient conditions, which is important for applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Atomic and electronic structures of an extremely fragile liquid

The structure of high-temperature liquids is an important topic for understanding the fragility of liquids. Here we report the structure of a high-temperature non-glass-forming oxide liquid, ​ZrO2, at an atomistic and electronic level. The Bhatia–Thornton number–number structure factor of ​ZrO2 does not show a first sharp diffraction peak. The atomic structure comprises ZrO5, ZrO6 and ZrO7 polyhedra with a significant contribution of edge sharing of oxygen in addition to corner sharing. The variety of large oxygen coordination and polyhedral connections with short Zr–O bond lifetimes, induced by the relatively large ionic radius of zirconium, disturbs the evolution of intermediate-range ordering, which leads to a reduced electronic band gap and increased delocalization in the ionic Zr–O bonding. The details of the chemical bonding explain the extremely low viscosity of the liquid and the absence of a first sharp diffraction peak, and indicate that liquid ​ZrO2 is an extremely fragile liquid

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Prospective Randomized Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Interrupted Anticoagulant’s Therapy in the Perioperative Period of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: The SEACOAST Rhythm AF Trial

No prospective, randomized study has been conducted to date in Japan comparing the use of warfarin and rivaroxaban for preventing thrombotic and bleeding events in the perioperative period of catheter ablation （CA） for atrial fibrillation （AF）. This was a prospective, open-label randomized study assessing the safety and efficacy of warfarin and rivaroxaban in the perioperative period of CA for AF. Thrombotic events including silent cerebral lesion （SCL） detected by magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, bleeding events, and coagulation test results were assessed in correlation with interrupted warfarin or rivaroxaban in the perioperative period of CA for AF. Finally, thirty-six patients （18 men; aged 65±9.4 years） who underwent CA for AF were prospectively enrolled. No instance of symptomatic cerebral infarction occurred, but 12 of 36 patients （33.3％） showed new SCLs during the postprocedural cerebral MRI examination （8/21 in the rivaroxaban group and 4/15 in the warfarin group; P＝0.47）. The duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the rivaroxaban group than in the warfarin group （6 vs. 8 days; P＝0.0135）. The incidence of minor bleeding was significantly lower in the rivaroxaban group than in the warfarin group （0％ vs. 26.6％; P＝0.078）. D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in the SCL group than in the no-SCL group （P＝0.024） under warfarin, while the values of protein S （P＝0.017） and prothrombin time （P＝0.018） were significantly lower in the SCL group than in the no-SCL group under rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban usage in CA is safer than warfarin usage with respect to the incidence of minor bleeding. In patients receiving rivaroxaban therapy, a lower protein S level may be correlated with the incidence of SCL in CA